What is Soil consolidation test?
Consolidation test is used to determine the rate and magnitude of soil consolidation when the soil is restrained laterally and loaded axially. This test is carried out on saturated soil specimens, especially in cohesive soils.
How do you measure soil consolidation?
First step is to collect the soil specimen using consolidation metal ring. The ring should be clean and dried and its weight, inner diameter and height are measured using weighing balance and calipers respectively. Now press the metal ring into the soil sample using hands and it is taken out with soil specimen.
What does Consolidated mean in soil?
The term consolidation describes the process by which a soil mass decreases in volume in response to either natural or man-made loadings. This meaning of the term consolidation has been used generally by soil and geotechnical engineers since Terzaghi (1925, 1943) developed the theory of consolidation in the 1920s.
What is the process of soil consolidation?
Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. As water diffuses away from regions of high pressure due to seepage, the soil matrix gradually takes up the pressure change and shrinks in volume.
Why is soil consolidation done?
Compressibility of clays is mainly caused by expulsion of water between the soil grains and slipping of particles to new position to attain greater densities. Consolidation plays an important role in stability analysis for the embankment, footings or a column constructed on clayey soils.
What is average degree of consolidation?
The average degree of consolidation (U) is calculated using the dissipated excess pore water pressure at some point in time during consolidation as a fraction of the total initial excess pore water pressure.
How do you do a consolidation test?
Apply first load of intensity 0.1 kg/cm2 start the stop watch simultaneously. Record the dial gauge readings at various time intervals. The dial gauge readings are taken until 90% consolidation is reached. Primary consolidation is gradually reached within 24 hrs.
Why is soil consolidation necessary?
Consolidation plays an important role in stability analysis for the embankment, footings or a column constructed on clayey soils. The consolidation problem has been formulated by many researchers by coupling the soil deformation and the pore pressure.
Why is consolidation important soil?
How is the oedometer test used in soil consolidation?
The Oedometer Test aims at measuring the vertical displacement of a cylindrical, saturated soil sample subjected to a vertical load while it is radially constrained. In the subsequent test, the incremental loading consolidation test is described. Note that there is also a constant rate of strain (CRS) test, that nowadays is becoming more popular
How is consolidation testing used in soil mechanics?
Consolidation testing is a fundamental part of any soil mechanics testing program. It is a process in which a soil sample undergoes a volumetric change due to the application of some type of loading.
How is soil strength determined in a triaxial test?
To determine the soil strength parameters ASTM D4767: Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils The general triaxial test procedure is discussed below. After a test specimen has been prepared from a soil sample, it is placed it into the triaxial cell.
How is the consolidated drained ( CD ) test performed?
The test is generally performed on cohesive soil specimens; however, remolded sand samples can also be tested. The consolidated drained (CD) test describes the long-term loading response, and provides the strength parameters determined under effective stress control (i.e. φ and c’).