What causes mesangial cell proliferation?
Aberrant proliferation of mesangial cells (MCs) is a common finding in a number of diseases that can lead to end-stage renal failure. A variety of initial insults, which may be metabolic (as in diabetic nephropathy), or immunological (as in IgA disease and lupus nephritis), can cause uncontrolled MC proliferation.
Which hormone relaxes mesangial cells in glomerulus?
VI. C Vasopressin Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. Kidney mesangial cells, important for maintaining the microcirculation of the glomerulus, contract in response to AVP treatment. Vasopressin is also one of several growth factors that stimulate mesangial cells to proliferate in culture.
What activates mesangial?
Generally, contraction of a mesangial cell occurs in response to hormones, vasoactive compounds, and growth factors through G protein–associated receptors that activate phospholipase C, resulting in an increase in intracellular calcium concentration.
What is mesangial proliferation?
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is a form of glomerulonephritis associated primarily with the mesangium. There is some evidence that interleukin-10 may inhibit it in an animal model. It is classified as type II lupus nephritis by the World Health Organization (WHO).
What causes FSGS kidney disease?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or FSGS, can be caused by a variety of conditions, like diabetes, sickle cell disease, other kidney diseases, and obesity. It can also be caused by an infection and drug toxicity. A rare form of FSGS is caused by inherited abnormal genes.
How do mesangial cells regulate GFR?
It is postulated that mesangial cell contraction can attenuate the glomerular filtration rate by decreasing the renal ultrafiltration coefficient through a decrease in capillary surface area and capillary permeability. The physiology of mesangial cell contraction has been studied primarily utilizing cultured cells.
What are the mesangial cells?
Mesangial cells are specialised cells in the kidney that make up the mesangium of the glomerulus. The primary function of mesangial cells is to remove trapped residues and aggregated protein from the basement membrane thus keeping the filter free of debris.
What drugs cause FSGS?
Other causes of secondary FSGS include the use of certain medications or drugs that have been shown to damage podocytes, such as interferon, bisphosphonates, anabolic steroids, heroin, anthracyclines, calcineurin inhibitors, lithium, and sirolimus.
Is FSGS treatable?
FSGS has no cure. The prognosis varies depending on the person. For some people, FSGS goes away on its own without treatment. For others, the disease continues for many years but does not get worse.
What does mesangial cell contraction do?
What is the function of the mesangial cells?
Mesangial cells lie close to the capillary lumen and play an important role in glomerular hemodynamics and immune complex clearance. The mesangial cells produce a matrix made up of collagen, fibronectin, and proteglycans that supports the glomerular capillaries.
How serious is FSGS?
FSGS is a serious condition that can lead to kidney failure, for which the only treatment options are dialysis or kidney transplant. Treatment options for FSGS depend on the type you have.