What is gene fusion and fission?
Gene fusions are a hybrid of two or more previously separate ORFs. They occur as a result of: chromosomal translocation, chromosomal inversion, or interstitial deletions. Gene fission involves the opposite process, i.e., separation of an ORF.
What is gene fission?
Gene fission and fusion, the processes by which a single gene is split into two separate genes and two adjacent genes are fused into a single gene, respectively, are among the primary processes that generate new genes1,2,3,4. Despite their seeming reversibility4,5, nothing is known about the mechanism of gene fission.
What is fission mutation?
Gene fission splits a gene into several parts and can be produced by either recombinational events or single base events, such as frameshift and nonsense mutations. The outcome can be the misregulation of the expression of a gene when a cis-regulatory sequence is concerned.
What is gene fusion used for?
Reporter gene fusions can be used to measure activity levels of gene regulators, identify the regulatory sites of genes (including the signals required), identify various genes that are regulated in response to the same stimulus, and artificially control the expression of desired genes in particular cells.
What is genome fusion?
A gene made by joining parts of two different genes. Fusion genes, and the fusion proteins that come from them, may be made in the laboratory, or made naturally in the body when part of the DNA from one chromosome moves to another chromosome.
How do you identify gene fusion?
To detect fusion genes, the current pipelines heavily depend on individual unmapped reads which harbor the fusion boundaries or discordant paired-end reads, in which each reads align against different genes, leading to neglecting the mate reads of unmapped reads or reads that span fusion boundaries.
What is the difference of fission and fusion?
Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy. While different, the two processes have an important role in the past, present and future of energy creation.
How do gene fusions occur?
Gene fusions are hybrid genes formed when two previously independent genes become juxtaposed. The fusion can result from structural rearrangements like translocations and deletions, transcription read-through of neighboring genes (1–3), or the trans- and cis-splicing of pre-mRNAs (4–8) (Figure 1).
How do gene fusions work?
What is gene fusion in genetics?
Listen to pronunciation. (FYOO-zhun jeen) A gene made by joining parts of two different genes. Fusion genes, and the fusion proteins that come from them, may be made in the laboratory, or made naturally in the body when part of the DNA from one chromosome moves to another chromosome.
What are RNA fusions?
Fusion transcript is a chimeric RNA encoded by a fusion gene or by two different genes by subsequent trans-splicing. Certain fusion transcripts are commonly produced by cancer cells, and detection of fusion transcripts is part of routine diagnostics of certain cancer types.
How are fusion genes made?
How are fission and fusion related to each other?
Fission and fusion are two physical processes that produce massive amounts of energy from atoms. They yield millions of times more energy than other sources through nuclear reactions. You can check out the difference between the two in this video below.
What kind of energy is released during fission?
When each atom splits, a tremendous amount of energy is released. Uranium and plutonium are most commonly used for fission reactions in nuclear power reactors because they are easy to initiate and control.
Why are fission reactions used in nuclear reactors?
When each atom splits, a tremendous amount of energy is released. Uranium and plutonium are most commonly used for fission reactions in nuclear power reactors because they are easy to initiate and control. The energy released by fission in these reactors heats water into steam. The steam is used to spin a turbine to produce carbon-free electricity.