What is the normal sonographic appearance of the liver?
The liver typically extends from the fifth intercostal space to the right costal margin in the midclavicular line. By ultrasound, a normal liver span is usually <16 cm in the midclavicular line; however, liver size varies with sex and body size [1,2].
How do you describe liver on ultrasound?
[Dr. McComb] A liver is described as “echogenic” by a radiologist when the echoes reflected from the ultrasound beam appear brighter (whiter) than those from a normal liver.
What is the surface anatomy of liver?
Microscopic Anatomy The surface of the liver is covered by visceral peritoneum (serosa), with a Glisson capsule underneath. At the porta hepatis, the Glisson capsule travels along the portal tracts (triads), carrying branches of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the bile ducts into the liver substance.
What is the normal liver size in mm?
[10] reported the mean liver size to be 130.9 ± 1.7 mm. In another study, Patzak et al. [11] reported the mean liver size as 15.1 ± 1.5 cm in males, 14.9 ± 1.6 cm in females, and 15.0 ± 1.5 cm in the total population.
What do you mean by sonography?
Sonography is a diagnostic medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to produce dynamic visual images of organs, tissues or blood flow inside the body. This type of procedure is often referred to as a sonogram or ultrasound exam.
What is a nodule on the liver mean?
Liver lesions are groups of abnormal cells in your liver. Your doctor may call them a mass or a tumor. Noncancerous, or benign, liver lesions are common. They don’t spread to other areas of your body and don’t usually cause any health issues. But some liver lesions form as a result of cancer.
What are the 4 main contents of the porta hepatis?
The porta hepatis is the central intraperitoneal fissure of the liver that separates the caudate and the quadrate lobes. It is the entrance and the exit for several important vessels including the portal vein, the hepatic artery, the hepatic nervous plexus, the hepatic ducts and the lymphatic vessels.
What is the size of a healthy liver?
By percussion, the mean liver size is 7 cm for women and 10.5 cm for men (Table 94.1). A liver span 2 to 3 cm larger or smaller than these values is considered abnormal. The liver weighs 1200 to 1400 g in the adult woman and 1400 to 1500 g in the adult man.
Is 15.4 cm liver size normal?
Hepatomegaly is a condition in which the liver is enlarged, generally greater than 15 centimeters in the midclavicular line. However, normal liver size varies by person depending on the person’s sex, age, height, weight, and body size.
How is the segmental anatomy of the liver described?
Segmental anatomy of the liver: a sonographic approach to the Couinaud nomenclature. The authors developed a simplified description of the segmental anatomy of the liver on the basis of the Couinaud nomenclature. This approach was demonstrated with normal in vivo sonographic images and livers dissected in corresponding planes.
What should normal liver parenchyma look like?
Normal Sonographic Anatomy. Normal liver parenchyma should appear homogeneous and display midlevel echogenicity (Fig. 2-2 ). Compared with the renal parenchyma, normal liver parenchyma appears slightly hyperechoic or isoechoic, and compared with the pancreas, the liver appears slightly hypoechoic or isoechoic.
Can a liver mass be found on a sonographer?
FIGURE 2-1 Multiple hypoechoic masses throughout the liver. A sonographic examination of the abdomen that reveals a liver mass may be ordered for many reasons based on patient symptoms and clinical findings. Many benign liver lesions are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally by the sonographer.
How big is the average size of the liver?
Within the parenchyma, tubular structures corresponding to veins, arteries, and ducts can also be visualized. The average size of the liver is less than 15 cm in length at the midclavicular line, but size varies with patient height and weight. The liver is divided into three lobes: right, left, and caudate (Fig. 2-3, A).