What are the stages of hypertension in children?
NHBPEP Classification of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
| Classification | Systolic or diastolic blood pressure* |
|---|---|
| Prehypertension | 90th to < 95th percentile or ≥ 120/80 mm Hg† |
| Stage 1 hypertension | 95th to < 99th percentile plus 5 mm Hg |
| Stage 2 hypertension | > 99th percentile plus 5 mm Hg |
What conditions lead to secondary hypertension?
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by another condition or disease. Conditions that may cause secondary hypertension include kidney disease, adrenal disease, thyroid problems and obstructive sleep apnea.
What types of conditions could cause a pediatric patient to become hypertensive?
Risk factors
- Being overweight or having obesity.
- Having a family history of high blood pressure.
- Having type 2 diabetes or a high fasting blood sugar level.
- Having high cholesterol.
- Eating too much salt.
- Being Black or Hispanic.
- Being male.
- Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
What is the age for secondary hypertension?
Most Common Causes of Secondary Hypertension by Age*
| Age groups | Percentage of hypertension with an underlying cause | Most common etiologies† |
|---|---|---|
| Adolescents (12 to 18 years) | 10 to 15 | Coarctation of the aorta |
| Young adults (19 to 39 years) | 5 | Thyroid dysfunction |
| Fibromuscular dysplasia | ||
| Renal parenchymal disease |
Does secondary hypertension have symptoms?
Like primary hypertension, secondary hypertension usually has no specific signs or symptoms, even if your blood pressure has reached dangerously high levels.
How do we treat secondary hypertension?
Treatment for secondary hypertension involves treating the underlying medical condition with medications or surgery….Treatment
- Thiazide diuretics.
- Beta blockers.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers.
- Calcium channel blockers.
When to suspect secondary hypertension?
Therefore, a physician should suspect secondary hypertension in patients with theses signs. Examples include extreme obesity (Cushing’s), anxiety (hyperthyroidism), flushing episodes (pheochromocytoma) etc.
What causes high blood pressure in a child?
High blood pressure in younger children is often related to other health conditions such as heart defects, kidney disease, genetic conditions or hormonal disorders. In older children — especially those who are overweight — the precise cause of high blood pressure is often unknown.
What causes hypertension in children?
Most hypertension in children is caused by kidney disease. Other causes include certain heart conditions and hormone (endocrine) problems. Essential, or primary, hypertension may occur in older children, especially those with a family history of hypertension.
How is secondary hypertension diagnosed?
Secondary hypertension. Diagnosis. To diagnose secondary hypertension, your doctor will first take a blood pressure reading using an inflatable cuff, just as your blood pressure is measured during a typical doctor’s appointment. Your doctor may not diagnose secondary hypertension based on only one higher than normal blood pressure reading.