WHO histological classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
NPC has historically been classified into different histological subtypes: Type 1 (I) squamous cell carcinoma; Type 2a (II) keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma; and Type 2b (III) non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma.
What is non-Keratinizing carcinoma?
Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer in both the tonsils and base of tongue. The tumour is called non-keratinizing because the tumour cells do not undergo a process called keratinization. This process is commonly seen in other tumours made up of squamous cells.
What is undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Adolescent. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Carcinoma / diagnosis. Carcinoma / epidemiology. Carcinoma / pathology.
What are NPC patients?
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), previously known as lymphoepithelioma, is a malignancy arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx.
What is the survival rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
5-year relative survival rates for nasopharyngeal cancer
| SEER stage | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 85% |
| Regional | 71% |
| Distant | 49% |
| All SEER stages combined | 61% |
What virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
In recent years, scientists have studied how the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may cause cells in the nasopharynx to become cancer, but there’s still a lot to learn. In developed countries, most people infected with EBV have infectious mononucleosis (mono), and their immune system is able to recognize and destroy the virus.
What is p16 positive?
Abstract. Expression of p16INK4A (p16 positive) is highly correlated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, p16-positivity is not limited to HPV positive tumors and therefore, not a perfect surrogate for HPV.
Is nasopharyngeal carcinoma curable?
Many cancers of the nasopharynx can be cured, especially if they are found early. Descriptions of the common types of treatments used for NPC are listed below. Your care plan may also include treatment for symptoms and side effects, an important part of cancer care. The main treatment for NPC is radiation therapy.
How is NPC diagnosed?
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is most often diagnosed when a person goes to a doctor because of symptoms such as a lump in the neck or stuffy nose, but no signs of a cold. The doctor will take a history and do an exam. The patient may then be sent to see an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist.
What is stage 4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
In stage IVB, cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes in the neck to distant lymph nodes, such as those between the lungs, below the collarbone, or in the armpit or groin, or to other parts of the body, such as the lung, bone, or liver.
What is metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Most people with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have regional metastases. That means cancer cells from the initial tumor have migrated to nearby areas, such as lymph nodes in the neck. Cancer cells that spread to other areas of the body (distant metastases) most commonly travel to the bones, lungs and liver.
Is p16 negative good or bad?
Patients with p16 negative/HPV16 negative status had the worst survival for all sites combined as well as for OP. p16 status is an important prognostic indicator in both OPSCC and non-OPSCC and the p16 positive/HPV16 negative group is likely a distinct subgroup lacking any HPV genotype.