Is the antenna complex in the thylakoid membrane?
The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex; LH or LHC) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants and cyanobacteria, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem.
What is an antenna complex in photosynthesis?
Definition. The antenna complex is a light-harvesting membrane-associated aggregate of proteins and photosensitive pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids.
What does the antenna complex include?
Antenna complexes are light-harvesting systems (LHC) which are protein-pigment complexes in or on photosynthetic membranes. LHCs typically include one or more associated pigments (phycobilins, chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids).
How many antenna complexes are in the thylakoid membrane?
four
The light reactions of photosynthesis in green plants are mediated by four large protein complexes, embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII) are both organized into large supercomplexes with variable amounts of membrane-bound peripheral antenna complexes.
Where are thylakoids found?
chloroplasts
Photosynthetic membranes, or thylakoids, are the most extensive membrane system found in the biosphere. They form flattened membrane cisternae in the cytosol of cyanobacteria and in the stroma of chloroplasts.
What is found in the thylakoid membrane?
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. In thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll pigments are found in packets called quantasomes. Each quantasome contains 230 to 250 chlorophyll molecules.
What does the antenna complex in a photosystem do?
What happens there? The antenna complex in a photosystem is where light is captured and the red or blue photon excites the electrons . The process by which electrons in chlorophyll molecules excite the adjacent chlorophyll molecules due to itself being in an excited state.
Why is the antenna complex important?
The first act of photosynthesis is the absorption of photons by antenna molecules (within femtoseconds), leading to the formation of excited chlorophyll molecules (Chl*). Another crucial function of antenna complexes is to serve as a safety valve for the thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light energy.
Is LHC and antennae same?
Light harvesting complex (LHC) and antenna are same. Light harvesting system or antennae pigments help the plants to capture more light and transfer it to Photosystem I and Photosystem II.
What are examples of thylakoids?
The thylakoid lipid bilayer shares characteristic features with prokaryotic membranes and the inner chloroplast membrane. For example, acidic lipids can be found in thylakoid membranes, cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria and are involved in the functional integrity of the photosystems.
What is the function of thylakoids?
Thylakoids are the internal membranes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, and provide the platform for the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Where are the protein complexes located in the thylakoid membrane?
There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II is located mostly in the grana thylakoids, whereas photosystem I and ATP synthase are mostly located in the stroma thylakoids and the outer layers of grana. The cytochrome b6f complex is distributed evenly throughout thylakoid membranes.
What is the difference between a stroma and a thylakoid?
A chloroplast is a plastid which is spherical in structure. Thylakoid and stroma are two unique structures present in the chloroplast. A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment in the chloroplast which consists of different embedded molecules to initiate the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
Where is the CF1 enzyme located in the thylakoid?
The enzyme is integrated into the thylakoid membrane. The CF1-portion of the synthase molecule extended into the stroma, where ATP supports the light-independent photosynthesis reactions. The lumen of the thylakoid contains proteins used for protein processing, photosynthesis, metabolism, redox reactions, and defense.
What are thylakoids and their function in photosynthesis?
Thylakoid membranes contain integral membrane proteins which play an important role in light harvesting and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.