What are the side effects of agranulocytosis?
What are the symptoms of agranulocytosis?
- Fever and chills.
- Faster heart rate and breathing.
- Sudden low blood pressure (hypotension), which can make you feel lightheaded or weak.
- Muscle weakness and fatigue.
- Sore mouth and throat and bleeding, inflamed gums.
What are the two types of agranulocytosis?
There are two types of agranulocytosis: acquired or congenital. Acquired agranulocytosis means that a person develops the condition, whereas congenital agranulocytosis means that a person is born with the condition. Certain conditions or medications that affect the immune system can cause acquired agranulocytosis.
What are manifestations of agranulocytosis?
Common symptoms of agranulocytosis include sudden fever, chills, sore throat, and weakness. Other signs of agranulocytosis may include: Rapid heart rate. Rapid breathing. Low blood pressure.
What is drug-induced agranulocytosis?
Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a life-threatening side effect that usually manifests as a severe form of neutropenia associated with fever or signs of sepsis. It can occur as a problem in the context of therapy with a wide variety of drug classes.
Which of the following medications may cause a patient to experience agranulocytosis?
Drugs that can cause agranulocytosis include: antithyroid medications, such as carbimazole and methimazole (Tapazole) anti-inflammatory medications, such as sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), dipyrone (Metamizole), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) antipsychotics, such as clozapine (Clozaril)
Does clozapine cause agranulocytosis?
Unlike classic neuroleptic agents, clozapine is not associated with the development of acute extrapyramidal symptoms or tardive dyskinesia. The main factor limiting its use is the risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis, estimated to occur in 1 to 2 percent of treated patients.
What medications cause agranulocytosis?
Drugs that can cause agranulocytosis include:
- antithyroid medications, such as carbimazole and methimazole (Tapazole)
- anti-inflammatory medications, such as sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), dipyrone (Metamizole), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- antipsychotics, such as clozapine (Clozaril)
Can clozapine cause agranulocytosis?
Does methimazole cause agranulocytosis?
Agranulocytosis is a rare and serious adverse effect of antithyroid drugs (ATD), in particular methimazole (MMI), and usually develops within 3 months following the start of uninterrupted ATD treatment.
How is clozapine induced agranulocytosis treated?
While there is no FDA approved treatment for clozapine induced agranulocytosis, pharmacologic methods have been utilized in clinical practice. These include lithium and granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
How does clozapine manage agranulocytosis?
Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) may reduce the duration of agranulocytosis by 4 to 5 days; in a systematic review of the use of GCSF in CLIA, Lally et al. [40] reported the mean time from starting GCSF to recovery of 7 days. If agranulocytosis develops, CZP must be stopped immediately.
How does Carbimazole cause agranulocytosis?
Carbimazole-induced agranulocytosis occurs generally within few weeks or months of taking the anti-thyroid medication, but onset may be delayed by 1 year with an incidence of 0.1%–0.3%. Agranulocytosis is a serious rare side effect of carbimazole….
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What are the side effects of drug induced agranulocytosis?
Drug-induced agranulocytosis remains a serious adverse event due to the occurrence of severe sepsis with severe deep infections (such as pneumonia), septicemia and septic shock in around two thirds of patients.
What is the mechanism of action of hydralazine?
Mechanism of Action Hydralazine is a direct arteriole vasodilator. Although the mechanism is not completely understood, it is theorized to be associated with intracellular calcium homeostasis.
How is drug induced glomerular disease related to lupus?
Drug-induced autoimmune disease was initially described decades ago, with reports of vasculitis and a lupus-like syndrome in patients taking hydralazine, procainamide, and sulfadiazine. Over the years, multiple other agents have been linked to immune-mediated glomerular disease, often with associated autoantibody formation.
Why is hydralazine not a first-line agent for essential hypertension?
Per JNC 8 guidelines, it is not a first-line agent for the treatment of essential hypertension. This is due to hydralazine’s stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, among several other adverse effects that make the current newer first-line agents more efficacious.