What factors influence the effectiveness of sterilization with ethylene oxide?
The four essential parameters (operational ranges) are: gas concentration (450 to 1200 mg/l); temperature (37 to 63°C); relative humidity (40 to 80%)(water molecules carry ETO to reactive sites); and exposure time (1 to 6 hours). These influence the effectiveness of ETO sterilization.
Which monomer is used in ethylene polymer?
Some Common Addition Polymers
| Name(s) | Formula | Monomer |
|---|---|---|
| Polyethylene low density (LDPE) | –(CH2-CH2)n– | ethylene CH2=CH2 |
| Polyethylene high density (HDPE) | –(CH2-CH2)n– | ethylene CH2=CH2 |
| Polypropylene (PP) different grades | –[CH2-CH(CH3)]n– | propylene CH2=CHCH3 |
| Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) | –(CH2-CHCl)n– | vinyl chloride CH2=CHCl |
Is ethylene oxide a monomer?
In the present work, ethylene oxide was used as the monomer and converted to polyethylene oxide (PEO), and subsequently polyethylene glycol (PEG) via the anionic ring opening polymerization technique (AROP).
Which wrapping material can be used for ethylene oxide sterilization?
Muslin wrappers and paper bags traditionally used for steam sterilization are acceptable as wrapping materials, but new transparent plas- tics are often preferable in that they allow the user to see exactly what is in the package.
What is the most effective chemical agent for sterilization?
Although Ethylene Oxide is the most commonly used chemical for sterilization of devices, other chemicals are also used, and novel methodologies are being developed.
What is ethylene oxide polymer?
1 Ethylene Oxide. The anionic polymerization of EO is based on nucleophiles as initiators. The widely applied standard method for the technical synthesis of low molecular weight PEG is the controlled addition of EO to water or alcohols as initiators in the presence of alkaline catalysts.
What is ethylene monomer?
Monomer: A relatively simple molecule from which a polymer can be made. Ethylene can act as a monomer that polymerises to form polyethylene. The double bond in ethylene breaks open to form single bonds with neighbouring molecules, forming the long saturated polyethylene chain.
What is ethylene polymers?
Ethylene is the raw material used in the manufacture of polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) as well as fibres and other organic chemicals. The largest outlet, accounting for 60% of ethylene demand globally, is polyethylene.
Is ethylene oxide a polymer?
Aliphatic polyethers generated by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and, to a lesser extent, butylene oxide (BO) are a highly established and important class of polymers that are commercially used for an immense variety of applications.
Is ethylene oxide a liquid?
Ethylene Oxide is a colorless gas or liquid with an Ether-like odor.
What is ethylene oxide sterilization?
Ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization is the most common industrial sterilization technique for medical devices. It is a relatively ‘cold’ sterilization technique and offers high compatibility with most materials used in the manufacture of medical devices, such as plastics, polymers, metals and glass.
How do you sterilize packaging materials?
Sterilization is accomplished with a combination of hydrogen peroxide and heat. The packaging material travels through a bath of hot hydrogen peroxide which softens the material for forming. Cups are then formed, filled and sealed with a lid which also travels through a hydrogen peroxide bath.
Why is ethylene oxide used as a sterilization agent?
Overview of Ethylene Oxide (EO or EtO) Residuals Sterilizing medical devices with ethylene oxide (EO) is a common practice primarily due to its extensive material compatibility. The main side effect of using EO as a sterilization agent is that it can leave a residue on the devices being processed.
Is the liquid ethylene oxide stable to polymerization?
The liquid is stable to decomposition. Liquid ethylene oxide is very susceptible to polymerization. This may be initiated at ambient temperatures by acids, bases and anhydrous chlorides of iron and of some other metals. Also, iron rust is a moderate initiator, so that equipment should be substantially rust free.
What are the residuals of ethylene oxide?
Overview of Ethylene Oxide Residuals Overview of Ethylene Oxide (EO or EtO) Residuals Sterilizing medical devices with ethylene oxide (EO) is a common practice primarily due to its extensive material compatibility. The main side effect of using EO as a sterilization agent is that it can leave a residue on the devices being processed.
How is a polyethylene monomer added to a polymer?
Polyethylene is made through an addition polymerization reaction that utilizes an ethylene monomer (–C2 H 4–) repeated along the chain.