What is fractionally spaced equalizer?
Fractionally-spaced equalizers (FSE) are designed using the adaptive lattice algorithm. The design is compared with the lattice structure synchronous equalizer (SE). The effect of the sampler phase on the mean square error (MSE) is investigated. It is shown that the FSE is not affected by the sampler phase.
What is MMSE equalizer?
Abstract: Adaptive equalization is used in digital transmission systems with parallel fading channels. The equalization combines the diversity channels and reduces intersymbol interference due to multipath returns.
Why zero forcing receiver is so called?
Zero Forcing Equalizer refers to a form of linear equalization algorithm used in communication systems which applies the inverse of the frequency response of the channel. The name Zero Forcing corresponds to bringing down the intersymbol interference (ISI) to zero in a noise free case.
What is linear equalizer?
The linear equalizer (LE) is just a linear filter that suppresses ISI at the periodic instants at which decisions are taken. If the channel characteristics are a priori known then the LE can be a fixed filter. More often than not, however, channel characteristics are uncertain and the LE is adaptive.
Which is better ZF or MMSE?
The MMSE is more accurate and suits a wide range of channel sate conditions expressed in S/N ratio. The zero forcing method is an approximate method more suitable for high signal to noise ratio where one can consider that the noise is much smaller than the received signal.
What is massive MIMO beamforming?
Beamforming is a word that means different things to different people. Beamforming is the ability to adapt the radiation pattern of the antenna array to a particular scenario. Massive simply refers to the large number of antennas in the base station antenna array. …
What is Ctle equalization?
CTLE (continuous time linear equalization) is a linear filter applied at the receiver that attenuates low-frequency signal components, amplifies components around the Nyquist frequency, and filters off higher frequencies, as shown in Figure 2 .
What is MLSE equalization?
Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) equalizers provide optimal equalization of time variations in the propagation channel characteristics. These features output the maximum likelihood sequence estimate of the signal by using an estimate of the channel modeled as a finite input response (FIR) filter.
Does 5G use MIMO?
5G Massive MIMO is one of the key enables for increasing throughput and resilience on the 5G New Radio for FR1 and FR2 bands. MIMO is one of the key enabling techniques for 5G wireless technology, providing increases in throughput and signal to noise ratio.
What is MIMO 5G?
Massive MIMO is the new wireless access technology in 5G, in both sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. Massive MIMO is a multi-user MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology that can provide uniformly good service to wireless terminals in high-mobility environments.
What is Tx de-emphasis?
Both pre- and de-emphasis occur on the transmitter side. Assuming loss in the cable, the transmitter will boost the high frequency content (pre-emphasis) or decrease the low frequency content (de-emphasis). De-emphasis works by cutting the low-frequency portion of the signal.
What is Feed Forward equalization?
In ADC-based receivers, a digital feedforward equalizer (FFE) is used in conjunction with a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) to equalize the channel and recover the data. However, in order to recover the data with a high fidelity, a power-hungry ADC is needed to digitize the signal.