What is tail biting convolutional code?

What is tail biting convolutional code?

Tail-biting convolutional coding is a technique of trellis termination which avoids the rate loss incurred by zero-tail termination at the expense of a more complex decoder [ 1 ]. Bit-Error-Rate performance comparisons are made with the zero-tailed case for a standard convolutional code.

What is punctured convolutional codes?

Puncturing is a technique that allows the encoding and decoding of higher rate codes using standard rate 1/2 encoders and decoders. The example is somewhat similar to the one that appears in Soft-Decision Decoding, which shows convolutional coding without puncturing.

What is convolution code with example?

Example of Generating a Convolutional Code The code-rate, Rc = k/n = 1/2 . The input string is streamed from right to left into the encoder. From the above example, we can see that any particular binary convolutional encoder is associated with a set of binary inputs, a set of binary outputs and a set of states.

Is convolutional code systematic?

Convolutional codes are implemented as either systematic or non-systematic codes. Non-systematic convolutional codes can provide better performance under maximum-likelihood (Viterbi) decoding.

What is code rate in convolutional code?

The code rate, k/n, is expressed as a ratio of the number of bits into the convolutional encoder (k) to the number of channel symbols output by the convolutional encoder (n) in a given encoder cycle. Convolutional codes are widely used as channel codes in practical communication systems for error correction.

Are convolutional codes linear?

Convolutional codes are linear codes over the field of one-sided infinite sequences. The symbols can be from any field but we will just consider symbols from GF(2).

How is convolutional code generated?

Basically, convolutional code is generated by passing the information sequentially through a series of shift registers. K stands for the number of the shift registers.

Is convolutional code linear?

With out the memory a linear block code is merely a convolutional code. The theory of the linear block codes seems to be degenerate of the theory of the convolutional codes, the usual approach of the convolutional codes is to note the small and fixed values of n and k and also the varying values of .

What is the code rate of convolutional encoder?

Convolutional codes are commonly described using two parameters: the code rate and the constraint length. The code rate, k/n, is expressed as a ratio of the number of bits into the convolutional encoder (k) to the number of channel symbols output by the convolutional encoder (n) in a given encoder cycle.