What is double base propellant?
The molecules which contain both the oxidizer and the fuel elements in the same molecule are called double base propellants, eg, nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose. In this nitrocellulose gels in nitroglycerine and sets to a solid mass.
Why do double base solid propellants not need any separate oxidizer?
The first, the so called double-base propellant, consists of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, plus additives in small quantity. There is no separate fuel and oxidizer. The molecules are unstable, and upon ignition break apart and rearrange themselves, liberating large quantities of heat.
What is triple-base propellant?
Triple-base propellant [r]: Smokeless powder, used in artillery, made from nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin or another explosive plasticizer, and nitroguanidine; it burns with equivalent energy, but at a lower temperature than other propellants, thus reducing barrel wear, and has much less muzzle flash [e]
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous solid propellants?
Typical examples of homogeneous propellants are single-base (NC and additives), double-base (NC, NG and additives), and triple-base (NC, NG, NQ, and additives) propellants. In a heterogeneous or composite propellant, the ingredients are physically mixed, leading to a heterogeneous physical structure.
What is composition of single based propellants?
Single base propellants (SBP) are used in all kinds of guns from pistol to artillery. The main ingredient of SBP is 90% of nitrocellulose (NC) having nitrogen content from 12.2 to 13.2 %.
What are the types of propellant?
Liquid propellant
- Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
- Liquid oxygen and kerosene or RP-1.
- Liquid oxygen and ethanol.
- Liquid oxygen and methane.
- Hydrogen peroxide and mentioned above alcohol or RP-1.
- Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and kerosene or RP-1.
- RFNA and Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
Why propellants are used in aerosols?
Propellants help to develop proper pressure within the container and expel the products in the forms of vapor in the formulation of aerosols. When the propellant is a liquefied gas or a mixture of liquefied gases, it can also serve as the solvent or vehicle for the product concentrate.
What is the definition of propellants?
: something that propels: such as. a : an explosive for propelling projectiles. b : fuel plus oxidizer used by a rocket engine. c : a gas kept under pressure in a bottle or can for expelling the contents when the pressure is released.
What is triple base powder?
Triple-base propellant powder consist of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin or an equivalent explosive oil and crystalline nitroguanidine, which can be obtained by mixing together and plasticizing the NC with a solvent, e.g. Acetone, as well as by kneading the mixture and then shaping it into solid propellant powder …
What are propellants and how they are classified?
Propellant is the chemical mixture burned to produce thrust in rockets and consists of a fuel and an oxidizer. Propellants are classified according to their state – liquid, solid, or hybrid. The gauge for rating the efficiency of rocket propellants is specific impulse, stated in seconds.
How are propellants made?
Composite propellants made from a solid oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate, a synthetic rubber such as HTPB, PBAN, or Polyurethane (or energetic polymers such as polyglycidyl nitrate or polyvinyl nitrate for extra energy), optional high-explosive fuels (again, for extra energy) such as RDX or …
What are the ingredients of a double base propellant?
The first, the so called double-base propellant, consists of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, plus additives in small quantity. There is no separate fuel and oxidizer. The molecules are unstable, and upon ignition break apart and rearrange themselves, liberating large quantities of heat.
What are the different types of propellants used?
The other type of solid propellant is the composite. Here, separate fuel and oxidized chemicals are used, intimately mixed in the solid grain. The oxidizer is usually ammonium nitrate, potassium chlorate, or ammonium chlorate, and often comprises as much as four-fifths or more of the whole propellant mix.
What are the specific impulses of a propellant?
The most energetic chemical propellants are theoretically capable of specific impulses up to about 400 seconds. High values of specific impulse are obtained from high exhaust-gas temperature, and from exhaust gas having very low (molecular) weight.
What makes up the propellant in a rocket?
Propellant is the chemical mixture burned to produce thrust in rockets and consists of a fuel and an oxidizer. A fuel is a substance that burns when combined with oxygen producing gas for propulsion.