How does vaccinia virus spread?
Vaccinia virus can be transmitted from a vaccine recipient to other persons through direct (skin-to-skin) contact via material from the unhealed vaccination site or through indirect contact by means of fomites (4–6).
Is vaccinia virus artificial virus?
Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family. It has a linear, double-stranded DNA genome approximately 190 kbp in length, which encodes approximately 250 genes….Vaccinia.
| Vaccinia virus | |
|---|---|
| Order: | Chitovirales |
| Family: | Poxviridae |
| Genus: | Orthopoxvirus |
| Species: | Vaccinia virus |
Is Orthopoxvirus RNA or DNA?
Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm….REPLICATION.
| Family: | Poxviridae |
|---|---|
| Genus: | Orthopoxvirus |
What causes Orthopoxvirus?
Orthopoxvirus infections can cause a spectrum of febrile rash illnesses in humans, from fairly benign, localized skin infections to severe systemic infections. • Vaccinia (smallpox vaccine), variola (smallpox), monkeypox, and cowpox are the four orthopoxvirus species known to cause human disease.
How do you prevent vaccinia virus?
Avoiding vaccination of high-risk individuals (eg, immunosuppressed patients, pregnant women) can prevent vaccinia complications. Recent vaccinees also should avoid high-risk individuals for up to 21 days after vaccination.
What is generalized vaccinia?
Generalized vaccinia (GV) is a rare, self-limiting complication of the smallpox vaccination that is caused by the systemic spread of the virus from the inoculation site.
How big is the vaccinia virus?
The physical length of the vaccinia virus genome is 65 μm. A 65-μm linear tube with a diameter of 30 to 40 nm (that of the tubules), would have a volume 4 to 6 times that of the entire virion core, which is clearly an impossibility.
What is the function of vaccinia virus?
Vaccinia virus produces proteins that either antagonize kinases or bind to adaptor proteins in TLR signaling pathways, suppressing the activation of host cell transcription needed for antiviral responses.
How does the variola virus replicate?
The exact mechanism of entry is not yet known. Upon invasion of a host cell, the smallpox virus replicates in the host cytoplasm, rather than the host nucleus, using many of the host’s own enzymes to replicate.. Replication begins once the virion has reached the cytoplasm of the host cell..
What are the virulence factors of variola?
Virulence Factors The core itself contains large amounts of 186kbp DNA and around 10 enzymes for gene expression [6]. Nucleoproteins involved in DNA transcription are also present. It has been determined that a complement-regulatory protein (CRP) exists in the variola virus [4].
Is chicken pox an Orthopoxvirus?
The most common are vaccinia (seen on Indian subcontinent) and molluscum contagiosum, but monkeypox infections are rising (seen in west and central African rainforest countries). The similarly named disease chickenpox is not a true poxvirus and is actually caused by the herpesvirus varicella zoster.