What are theories of fertility?
Attempts have been made from time to time to propound theories on fertility. These theories are conventionally grouped under three categories: biological theories, cultural theories and economic theories.
What is fertility variation?
Variation in fertility is therefore a function of differences in socio-ecology and differences in individual condition.
Does human male and female fertility vary the same way?
The fertility levels of males and females, as measured by the total fertility rate (TFR) or cohort fertility rate (CFR), can differ substantially, and male fertility can be both lower and higher than female fertility (Zhang 2011; Schoumaker 2017, 2019).
What is fertility rate?
The fertility rate at a given age is the number of children born alive to women of that age during the year as a proportion of the average annual population of women of the same age.
What is Malthusian theory?
Thomas Malthus was an 18th-century British philosopher and economist noted for the Malthusian growth model, an exponential formula used to project population growth. The theory states that food production will not be able to keep up with growth in the human population, resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity.
What is microeconomic theory of fertility?
The view that fertility behavior can be analyzed within the choice-theoretic framework of neoclassical economics originated in a model of fertility by economist Harvey Leibenstein (1922–1994) in 1957 that stressed the importance of intergenerational transfers from children as a form of old age security as a motivation …
What is fertility schedule?
Ovulation happens about 14 days before your period starts. If your average menstrual cycle is 28 days, you ovulate around day 14, and your most fertile days are days 12, 13 and 14. If your average menstrual cycle is 35 days ovulation happens around day 21 and your most fertile days are days 19,20 and 21.
What are the factors affecting fertility?
Factors Affecting Fertility
- Age. Female age is the most important factor affecting fertility.
- Previous Pregnancy.
- Duration of subfertility.
- Timing and Frequency of Sexual Intercourse.
- Lifestyle Factors.
- Weight.
- Smoking.
- Caffeine.
Which age is best to get pregnant?
Experts say the best time to get pregnant is between your late 20s and early 30s. This age range is associated with the best outcomes for both you and your baby. One study pinpointed the ideal age to give birth to a first child as 30.5.
Why is 2.1 the fertility rate threshold?
Why is 2.1 the fertility rate threshold? You might think the number should be 2.0 – two parents have two children, so the population stays the same size. Nations with higher childhood mortality also need a higher fertility rate.
What does a TFR of 2.1 mean?
replacement rate
The single most important factor in population growth is the total fertility rate (TFR). If, on average, women give birth to 2.1 children and these children survive to the age of 15, any given woman will have replaced herself and her partner upon death. A TFR of 2.1 is known as the replacement rate.
How is fertility related to relative potential income?
Theoretical Framework The central argument is that fertility is positively related to the relative potential income of a couple, not to the absolute potential income.
Who is the editor of the theory of fertility?
Each thematic volume presents a selection of key articles that have marked the history of the discipline. Following an inaugural volume on the theories of migration, the second in the series focuses on the theories of fertility. This new volume is edited by Henri Leridon and his introductory article is reproduced here in full.
When did the first theory of fertility emerge?
4 It was at the very end of the seventeenth century, and above all in the eighteenth century, that the first “theories” of fertility emerged, with the birth of “political arithmetic” in England (William Petty, 1683), followed by debates on the history of European populations.
How are emographers involved in the development of fertility theories?
The Development of Fertility Theories:… 1 D emographers do not merely quantify and describe; they also contribute to theoretical knowledge, drawing inspiration from conceptual frameworks developed in related disciplines.