How much does a subsea tree weigh?
Subsea trees may range in size and weight from a few tons to approximately 70 tons for high pressure, deepwater (>3000 feet) guidelineless applications.
How does a subsea tree work?
Used on offshore oil and gas fields, a subsea tree monitors and controls the production of a subsea well. Fixed to the wellhead of a completed well, subsea trees can also manage fluids or gas injected into the well. Since the 1950s, subsea trees have been topping underwater wellheads to control flow.
What is Lmrp in bop?
LMRP (lower marine riser package) The upper section of a two-section subsea BOP stack consisting of a hydraulic connector, annular BOP, ball/flex joint, riser adapter, jumper hoses for the choke, kill, and auxiliary lines, and subsea control pods. This interfaces with the lower subsea BOP stack.
What is a subsea Xmas tree?
Subsea tree (wet trees) is a system of valves, flow paths, piping, and connectors installed on a subsea wellhead to contain and control the flow of fluid from a reservoir or from the surface by injection. Two type of subsea Christmas tree are vertical Christmas trees and horizontal Christmas trees.
What is subsea manifold?
A subsea manifold is a large metal peice of equipment, made up of pipes and valves and designed to transfer oil / gas from wellheads into a pipeline. Manifolds are usually mounted on a template and often have a protective structure covering them – as with the image below right.
Why did oil discharge into the gulf?
The Oil’s Spread Once the oil left the wellhead, it spread throughout the water column. This plume formed because chemical dispersants, released into the water to break up the oil so it could wash away, allowed the oil to mix with seawater and stay suspended below the surface.
What is BOP stack?
A BOP stack is one of two or more units which control well pressure, and contain the wellhead and blowout preventers. The equipment in the BOP stack provides the means to contain well pressures. The BOP stack is used to contain abnormal pressures in the well bore while drilling the well.
What is a subsea manifold?
A manifold is an arrangement of piping and/or valves designed to combine, distribute, control, and often monitor fluid flow. Subsea manifolds are installed on the seabed within an array of wells to gather production fluids or to inject water or gas into wells.
What is a subsea PLET?
A typical subsea oil and gas field consists mainly of Xmas trees, manifolds, termination. units and pipelines. A termination unit can be called a “PLEM” or a “PLET.” These units are connection points between two or several pipelines.
What does a subsea engineer do?
Subsea engineering is a multidisciplinary field that is broadly responsible for the control and direct flow of oil and gas from deep marine wells. The scope of this engineering field includes all hardware, control, umbilicals, pipelines and interfaces with host production facilities.
What are the functions of a subsea tree?
The functional requirements of a subsea tree are broadly similar to those of a land or platform tree: It is a vital component in the well integrity barrier envelope. It attaches to the wellhead and directs flow through a series of valves to the flowline.
What is the subsea tree demand outlook for 2021?
Subsea tree demand outlook for the remainder of 2021 is forecast to total 178 units, of which 67 units (37%) are classified as “Firm”, 78 units (44%) as “Probable” and 33 units (19%) classified as “Possible” based on Westwood’s assessment of subsurface, commercial & geopolitical factors.
What makes dril-quip a good subsea tree company?
It includes innovative field-proven technology backed with 30 years subsea tree experience and Dril-Quip’s unique performance reliability reputation. Dril-Quip’s ConcentricBore Tree will protect your investment with lower equipment costs, lower installation costs and lower life-cycle costs.
When did they start using subsea Christmas trees?
Subsea trees have been used since the 1950s and use a design that reflects the structure and use of the above-ground (onshore) Christmas tree. The functional requirements of a subsea tree are broadly similar to those of a land or platform tree: