How do you induce tolerogenic dendritic cells?
Human tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) are induced by various immunosuppressive drugs and mediators. Immuno-activating and -inhibitory surface molecules as well as secreted signaling molecules are demonstrated.
What is a tolerogenic immune response?
Tolerogenic therapies employ the inbuilt tolerance mechanisms of a class of immune cells called dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are divided into two main subsets: Mature dendritic cells are immunogenic. Their physiological role is to bridge innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T-lymphocytes.
What are tolerogenic antigens?
Tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are attractive agents for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that are mediated, at least in part, by antigen-specific autoreactive T cells. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated antigen-presenting cells induce a very potent form of tolerance in mice.
Do dendritic cells Endocytose?
Dendritic cells (DCs) are outstanding antigen presenting cells (APCs) due to their robust ability to internalize extracellular antigens using endocytic processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis.
What is the function of dendritic cells?
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a heterogeneous family of immune cells that link innate and adaptive immunity. The main function of these innate cells is to capture, process, and present antigens to adaptive immune cells and mediate their polarization into effector cells (1).
Are dendritic cells macrophages?
Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and macrophages are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) that exhibit multiple functions during immune responses.
What are tolerogenic DCs?
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (a. k. a. tol-DCs, tDCs, or DCregs) are heterogenous pool of dendritic cells with immuno-suppressive properties, priming immune system into tolerogenic state against various antigens. For that reason, tolerogenic DCs are an important promising therapeutic tool.
What makes a dendritic cell a tolerogenic cell?
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (a. k. a. tol-DCs, tDCs, or DCregs) are heterogenous pool of dendritic cells with immuno-suppressive properties, priming immune system into tolerogenic state against various antigens.
How are tolerogenic effects of tol-DCs mediated?
These tolerogenic effects are mostly mediated through regulation of T cells such as inducing T cell anergy, T cell apoptosis and induction of Tregs. Tol-DCs also affect local micro-environment toward tolerogenic state by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines.
How are dendritic cells regulated in the immune system?
Tolerogenic dendritic cell. Tolerogenic dendritic cells ( tol-DCs, tDCs, DCregs) are heterogenous pool of dendritic cells with immuno-suppressive properties, priming immune system into tolerogenic state against various antigens. These tolerogenic effects are mostly mediated through regulation of T cells such as inducing T cell anergy,…
Who was the first person to discover dendritic cells?
Dendritic cells (DCs) were first discovered and described in 1973 by Ralph M. Steinman. They represent a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and play a key role in the regulation of initiation of immune responses.