What are the complications of organophosphate poisoning?

metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (excess sugar in urine)
diabetic ketoacidosis, in which your blood produces excess blood acids.
pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas.
cancer.

How does organophosphate cause Opidn?

Organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is an uncommon clinical condition. It occurs in association with the ingestion of great amounts of organophosphate after the stimulation of cholinergic receptor.

How do organophosphates affect the nervous system?

Upon entering the body—through ingestion, inhalation, or contact with skin—organophosphates inhibit cholinesterase, an enzyme in the human nervous system that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that carries signals between nerves and muscles.

How long do organophosphates persist in the body?

The acute effects of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides are well known, but the chronic effects are unclear. Recent studies suggest that abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous systems persisted for up to 5 years after acute poisoning due to a single large dose of organophosphates (OPs).

How long do the effects of organophosphates last and how long to they persist in the body?

Symptoms begin to emerge within 24–96 hours after removal from exposure. Symptoms, which include weakness of the proximal muscles of the limbs and neck, can persist for up to 6 weeks. OPIDN is characterized by clinical and electrophysiological signs and symptoms of neuropathy that emerge 1–5 weeks after exposure.

How do organophosphates affect the body?

Long-term exposure to organophosphates can cause confusion, anxiety, loss of memory, loss of appetite, disorientation, depression, and personality changes. Other symptoms such as weakness, headache, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting also may occur.

What is the treatment of organophosphate poisoning?

The mainstays of medical therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning include atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM), and benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam). Initial management must focus on adequate use of atropine. Optimizing oxygenation prior to the use of atropine is recommended to minimize the potential for dysrhythmias.

How nerve overstimulation occurs when a person is exposed to organophosphates?

The health effects associated with organophosphate poisoning are a result of excess acetylcholine (ACh) present at different nerves and receptors in the body because acetylcholinesterase is blocked. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction.

Are organophosphates irreversible?

Organophosphate pesticides act as irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, while carbamate pesticides produce reversible effects.

Why Organophosphates are irreversible?

Organophosphates (OPs) are a group of phosphoric acid ester compounds that upon binding to AChE are hydrolyzed, producing phosphorylation of the AChE active site resulting in irreversible inactivation of AChE.

What are the signs of organophosphate toxicity in animals?

Organophosphate poisoning or toxicity occurs when an animal or person is overexposed to insecticides containing organophosphates….Some of the most common symptoms are:

Difficulty breathing.
Drooling.
Vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Abnormal urination.
Shaking.
Muscle weakness.
Constricted pupils.

What kind of neuropathy is caused by organophosphate?

Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy ( OPIDN ), also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy ( OPIDP ), is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, as a result of acute or chronic organophosphate poisoning . A…

What is organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy ( OPIDN )?

Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN; also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, or OPIDP) is a toxic syndrome characterized by pelvic limb weakness, ataxia, and dull mentation.

When do patients show signs of organophosphate toxicity?

The patient may or may not have exhibited signs of a classic, acute organophosphate toxicity 1 to 4 weeks before the onset of OPIDN. Patients with OPIDN initially exhibit weakness of distal musculature, particularly in the pelvic limbs.

What is the pathogenesis of delayed neuropathy?

The pathogenesis for the delayed neurotoxicity in OPIDN is unclear, but presumably stems from abnormal propagation of neural impulses.