What is pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
gonorrhoeae progresses through the stages of disease pathogenesis (transmission, adherence, colonization and invasion, and immune evasion), the bacterium expresses many virulence factors to promote survival and replication while remaining minimally invasive and minimally discoverable by immune cells.
How does Neisseria gonorrhoeae infect the body?
N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men. N. gonorrhoeae can also infect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.
What is the pathology of gonorrhea?
Pathology/symptomatology: Gonorrhea is generally a non-complicated mucosal infection with a pustular discharge. More severe sequellae include salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease which may lead to sterility and/or ectopic pregnancy. Occasionally, the organism can disseminate as a bloodstream infection.
How does Neisseria gonorrhoeae invade the immune system?
Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae triggers an intense inflammatory response characterized by an influx of neutrophils in the genital tract, yet natural gonococcal infection does not induce a state of protective immunity. Our previous studies in a mouse model of N.
What are the pathogenic species of Neisseria?
Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens, N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae.
Are all Neisseria pathogenic?
Of the Neisseria and related species, only N. gonorrhoeae is considered always to be pathogenic i.e., cause disease.
How does gonorrhea cause Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The gonorrhea bacteria are most often passed from one person to another during sexual contact, including oral, anal or vaginal intercourse.
What are the main cell surface structures on N. gonorrhoeae needed for adhesion invasion and immune evasion in pathogenesis?
a) N. gonorrhoeae uses an array of surface structures to adhere to host cells, occasionally invade host cells, and evade the immune system18,142,143. These surface structures include Type IV pili, LOS, porin, and Opa proteins.
What type of organism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative, obligate, fastidious, diplococcus bacteria. Like all Gram-negative bacteria, N. gonorrhoeae possesses a cell envelope composed of an inner cytoplasmic membrane, a middle layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane [92].
What shape is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, is a Gram negative, coffee-bean shaped facultative intracellular diplococcus bacterium, the classical sexually transmitted bacteria. Nowadays, N.
What bacteria causes gonorrhea?
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. Gonorrhea infection is transmitted from one person to another through vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact.
What is the Gram stain for gonorrhea?
A quick laboratory test for gonorrhea that can be done in some clinics or doctors’ offices is a Gram stain. A Gram stain of a sample from a urethra or a cervix allows the doctor to see the gonorrhea bacterium under a microscope. This test tend to work better for men than for women.
Is STD a pathogen?
A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also called sexually transmitted infection ( STI ) is a disease caused by a pathogen (e.g., virus, bacterium, parasite, fungus) that is spread from person to person primarily through sexual contact. STDs can be painful, irritating, debilitating, and life threatening.
Is gonorrhea bacterial?
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These bacteria can be passed from person to person during sexual activity (vaginal, oral and anal intercourse) leading to infections of the urethra (urine tube), cervix, vagina and anus.