Do dendritic cells activate lymphocytes?
Introduction. Identified in mouse spleen for their peculiar shape and capacity to activate naïve lymphocytes (1–3), dendritic cells (DC) are considered the most efficient antigen presenting cells (APC) (3, 4), uniquely able to initiate, coordinate, and regulate adaptive immune responses.
What are plasmacytoid lymphoid cells?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a rare type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection. They circulate in the blood and are found in peripheral lymphoid organs.
Are dendritic cells B lymphocytes?
Dendritic cells (DC) have recently been shown to play an important role in B-cell function. We also demonstrated that DC were providing B cells with isotype-switch signals independent of T cells but that T-cell help was essential for antibody production.
Are dendritic cells lymphocytes?
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells that effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. They are considered a professional antigen-presenting cell population because of their unique capacity to induce the activation and differentiation of naive T lymphocytes.
How do dendritic cells activate T lymphocytes?
In an inflammatory environment, autoreactive T cells are activated initially by dendritic cells (DCs). Together these changes enable DCs to effectively activate naïve T cells. At the same time, DCs induce the expression of the corresponding costimulatory molecules of CD40L, CD28, on T cells.
How do dendritic cells communicate with lymphocytes?
This communication can take the form of direct cell–cell contact based on the interaction of cell-surface proteins. An example of this includes the interaction of the membrane proteins of the B7 family of the dendritic cell with CD28 present on the lymphocyte.
What do plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specialized subset of DCs that links innate and adaptive immunity. They sense viral and bacterial pathogens and release high levels of Type I interferons (IFN-I) in response to infection.
What do plasmacytoid dendritic cells secrete?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specific subset of naturally occurring dendritic cells, that secrete large amounts of Type I interferon and play an important role in the immune response against viral infection.
Do dendritic cells activate B cells?
B cells are efficiently activated by antigens presented on cell membranes, which provide opportunity for receptor cross-linking and antigen capture. There is mounting evidence, however, that conventional dendritic cells (cDC) can also participate in native antigen presentation to B cells.
What is dendritic cells?
A special type of immune cell that is found in tissues, such as the skin, and boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system. A dendritic cell is a type of phagocyte and a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC).
How are dendritic cells involved in the adaptive immune response?
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which capture, process and present antigens to lymphocytes to initiate and regulate the adaptive immune response 1. Based on function and phenotype, DCs can be divided into plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs).
How is the maturation of dendritic cells induced?
Maturation of dendritic cells is induced by captured microbes or their components11,12, inflammatory cytokines and ligation of select cell surface receptors. 11–13Once DCs take-up antigen they become activated into mature dendritic cells and present pathogen fragments at their cell surface using MHC molecules.
What kind of dendritic cells are found in mice?
cDCs also called classical dendritic cells or myeloid dendritic cells, express high levels of CD11c and display a characteristic morphology of long dendrite extensions 20. There are two primary cDCs subpopulations in mice: CD11b−and CD11b+.
How are DCS cells involved in the inflammatory response?
DCs direct CD4 T cells to differentiate to T cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. The periodontium is chronically exposed to oral bacteria that stimulate an inflammatory response to induce gingivitis or periodontitis.