What are carbamate pesticides?
Carbamates are a class of insecticides structurally and mechanistically similar to organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Carbamates are N-methyl carbamates derived from a carbamic acid and cause carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junctions.
What is methyl carbamate used for?
Methyl carbamate also is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and urethane. N-Methyl carbamates are widely used as insecticides. They have anticholinesterase activity without a cumulative effect.
What are organophosphate and carbamate pesticides?
Organophosphates and carbamates are common insecticides that inhibit cholinesterase activity, causing acute muscarinic manifestations (eg, salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, emesis, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, miosis) and some nicotinic symptoms, including muscle fasciculations and weakness.
What are organochlorine pesticides used for?
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are man-made chemicals that were used to control insects in urban areas in Australia into the 1980s.
What are examples of carbamates?
Carbamates are esters of N-methyl carbamic acid. Aldicarb, carbaryl, propoxur, oxamyl and terbucarb are carbamates.
What is a carbamate group?
The carbamates are a group of insecticides that includes such compounds as carbamyl, methomyl, and carbofuran. They are rapidly detoxified and eliminated from animal tissues. Their toxicity is thought to arise from a mechanism somewhat similar to that for the organophosphates. In poison: Insecticides.
Is methyl carbamate toxic?
* Exposure to Phenol, 3-(1-Methylethyl)-, Methyl- carbamate can cause rapid, severe carbamate poisoning with headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tightness in the chest, sweating, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, muscle twitching, loss of coordination, convulsions, coma and death.
What is the meaning of carbamate?
: a salt or ester of carbamic acid especially : one that is a synthetic organic insecticide.
What is chlordane pesticide?
Chlordane is a man-made chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. It is sometimes referred to by the trade names Octachlor® and Velsicol 1068®. It is a thick liquid whose color ranges from colorless to amber, depending on its purity. It may have no smell or a mild, irritating smell.
What does carbamate include?
The carbamates are a group of insecticides that includes such compounds as carbamyl, methomyl, and carbofuran. They are rapidly detoxified and eliminated from animal tissues. Their toxicity is thought to arise from a mechanism somewhat similar to that for the organophosphates.
Are carbamate pesticides banned?
Most OPs and carbamates are used in insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides (Table 1). Today, most WHO Class I and II OPs and carbamates are banned in most parts of the world. Large amounts of Class II or lower OPs and carbamates are still widely used (Table 1).
How are N-methyl carbamate insecticides toxic to humans?
50 is only one measure of pesticide toxicity. The dose must also be considered since a compound with a high LDcan produce life-threatening symptoms if a large enough dose is ingested. 50 N-methyl carbamates are hydrolyzed enzymatically by the liver, and the degradation products are excreted by the kidneys and the liver.
Where are the N-methyl carbamate products excreted?
N-methyl carbamates are hydrolyzed enzymatically by the liver, and the degradation products are excreted by the kidneys and the liver. At cholinergic nerve junctions with smooth muscle and gland cells, high acetylcholine concentration causes muscle contraction and secretion, respectively.
Which is an ester of N-methyl carbamic acid?
Carbamates are esters of N-methyl carbamic acid. Aldicarb, carbaryl, propoxur, oxamyl and terbucarb are carbamates.
Which is an organophosphate and which is a carbamate?
Malathion, dibrom, chlorpyrifos, temephos, diazinon and terbufos are organophosphates. Carbamates are esters of N-methyl carbamic acid. Aldicarb, carbaryl, propoxur, oxamyl and terbucarb are carbamates. Although these pesticides differ chemically, they act similarly.