What is the pathway of the sympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic innervation involves a three neuron pathway, including a first-order neuron (traveling from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord), a second-order (preganglionic) neuron, and a third-order (postganglionic) neuron Burde et al (2002).
Where do axons of sympathetic nerves travel in?
Axons of these nerves leave the spinal cord through the anterior root. They pass near the spinal (sensory) ganglion, where they enter the anterior rami of the spinal nerves.
Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons leave the CNS?
The sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) lie within the spinal cord and their axons traverse the ventral horn to exit in ventral roots where they form synapses onto postganglionic neurons.
Where do parasympathetic preganglionic fibers travel?
The parasympathetic nerves exit the CNS through cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X and through the S2 through S4 sacral spinal cord segments. The parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers usually travel almost all the way to the target before making the synapse with the postganglionic fibers.
Which of the following nerves has parasympathetic axons?
The nerves that supply parasympathetic fibers to the parasympathetic ganglia of the head include the oculomotor nerve (ciliary ganglion), the facial nerve (pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion), the glossopharyngeal nerve (otic ganglion), the vagus nerve, and the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Which sympathetic pathway involves a Preganglionic Axon going to the effector organ?
A&P II ANS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to? | All spinal nerves |
| Where are prevertebral ganglia located? | Anterior to the vertebral column |
| Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ? | Adrenal medulla pathways |
Where do preganglionic sympathetic axons synapse?
Preganglionic axons synapse at the sympathetic chain ganglia with a postganglionic neuron. The postganglionic neuron then leaves the sympathetic chain ganglia through a gray ramus communicans (unmyelinated axons) and reenters the spinal nerve and travels to the skin and blood vessels throughout the body.
Where is sympathetic nervous system located?
spinal cord
Anatomically, the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, the cell bodies of which are located within the central nervous system, originate in the lateral horns of the 12 thoracic and the first 2 or 3 lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
Where are cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons located?
Where are the preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located that provide innervation to the head?
The cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons are in the brainstem or spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). The cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons are in autonomic ganglia located peripherally.
Where do parasympathetic preganglionic axons synapse?
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons have short axons and synapse with ganglion cells close to the spinal cord. Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons have long axons and synapse with ganglion cells close to the effector structure.
Where do the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system arise?
Anatomically, the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, the cell bodies of which are located within the central nervous system, originate in the lateral horns of the 12 thoracic and the first 2 or 3 lumbar segments of the spinal cord.