What causes erythema elevatum diutinum?
The cause of erythema elevatum diutinum is unknown. It has been associated with autoimmune diseases , frequent infections, and blood diseases .
What is EED in dermatology?
Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a chronic form of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis consisting of violaceous, red-brown, or yellowish papules, plaques, or nodules that favor the extensor surfaces (picture 1A-D) [1,2]. Histologic leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a key confirmatory diagnostic feature.
What causes EED?
The cause of EED is not yet defined, but it has been associated with the following conditions: Granuloma faciale. Recurrent bacterial infections (especially streptococci) Viral infections (including hepatitis B and HIV)
What does Leukocytoclastic mean?
The term leukocytoclastic refers to the debris of neutrophils (immune cells) within the blood vessel walls. The disease can be confined to the skin (cutaneous) or it can affect many different organs of the body such as the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs.
What is nodular vasculitis?
Nodular vasculitis (NV) is an uncommon form of panniculitis characterized by erythematous nodules or plaques located preferentially on the calves, which may ulcerate and drain. It has been regarded as a delayed hypersensitivity response to an antigenic stimulus, being originally associated with tuberculosis.
Is Leukocytoclastic vasculitis cancerous?
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is more likely to be linked to malignancy in patients older than 50 years. Cutaneous vasculitis may precede the diagnosis of cancer by weeks, months, or even years and is generally associated with a worse prognosis.
Is Leukocytoclastic vasculitis ANCA positive?
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis induced by propylthiouracil confirmed by positive patch test: a case report and review of the literature. Cutan Ocul Toxicol.
What does nodular vasculitis look like?
Erythema induratum, also known as nodular vasculitis, is a form of lobular panniculitis with multiple etiologies. Tender erythematous to violaceous nodules and/or plaques are seen, usually on the calves. Lesions have also been seen on the feet, thighs, buttocks, and arms. Ulceration and drainage may occur.
How is nodular vasculitis treated?
When treating erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis), combination therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampicin should be continued for 9 months. Erythema induratum should begin to respond to therapy by 6 weeks. In addition, antipyretics and analgesics usually are required for symptomatic relief.
Is vasculitis related to leukemia?
Acute leukemia has been associated with a variety of cutaneous inflammatory lesions, including frank vasculitis.
Is Leukocytoclastic vasculitis life-threatening?
It can also represent the first manifestation of a more severe disease with extra-cutaneous and potentially life-threatening complications, including systemic vasculitides, but also infections, connective tissue diseases, and malignancies.