How can you identify hepatitis?

How can you identify hepatitis?

When they do occur, symptoms of all three of the most common types of hepatitis are very similar and may include:

1. Dark urine.
2. Stomach pain.
3. Yellowing of skin or eyes.
4. Pale or clay-colored stool.
5. Low-grade fever.
6. Loss of appetite.
7. Fatigue.
8. Feeling sick to the stomach.

What is the classification of hepatitis?

The five main viral classifications of hepatitis are hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. A different virus is responsible for each type of viral hepatitis.

What is the most sensitive molecular methods in detecting hepatitis B virus?

Interestingly, it has been reported that the S gene PCR is most sensitive for HBV DNA detection in serum, while X gene PCR is more sensitive for HBV DNA in liver tissues[18]. Most PCR based methods of HBV DNA detection for clinical purposes have a sensitivity of 50-200 IU/mL with dynamic range of 4-5 log10 IU/mL[19].

What are the markers for hepatitis?

Markers for hepatitis A virus [HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and imunoglobulin G (IgG)], hepatitis B [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)] and hepatitis C virus (HCVAb).

What is the pathophysiology of hepatitis?

Viruses enter the blood stream and spread to the liver. They infect the hepatocytes and multiply. They change the antigen structure on the virus site. The body begins to use self-mediated immune response attempting to damage the hepatocytes.

How is Hep B diagnosed?

Blood tests can detect signs of the hepatitis B virus in your body and tell your doctor whether it’s acute or chronic. A simple blood test can also determine if you’re immune to the condition. Liver ultrasound. A special ultrasound called transient elastography can show the amount of liver damage.

What is the structure of hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A virus is a nonenveloped, icosahedral capsid (spherical shape) with single-stranded RNA genome. It belongs to the Picornaviridae family.

What is Elisa test for hepatitis B?

A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on the “sandwich” principle with use of microtiter plates, was developed for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Results could be read within one day by the naked eye or by colorimeter.

What is the normal range of HBsAg?

Any value between 1 and 5 s/c is indeterminate and should be repeated. For hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), a level less than 5 mIU is considered negative, while a level more than 12 mIU is considered protective. Any value between 5 and 12 mIU is indeterminate and should be repeated.

What is hepatitis B core?

The hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) is produced by your immune system after infection by the hepatitis B virus, and it can persist for life. It is a sign that you either have an new, active (acute) hepatitis B infection or that you acquired hepatitis B in the past.

What lab values indicate hepatitis B?

For hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), a level less than 5 mIU is considered negative, while a level more than 12 mIU is considered protective. Any value between 5 and 12 mIU is indeterminate and should be repeated.

What is the pathology of hepatitis B?

The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of hepatitis B are due to the interaction of the virus and the host immune system, which leads to liver injury and, potentially, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients can have either an acute symptomatic disease or an asymptomatic disease.