What is AS03 adjuvant made of?

What is AS03 adjuvant made of?

AS03 is an Adjuvant System composed of α-tocopherol, squalene and polysorbate 80 in an oil-in-water emulsion. In various nonclinical and clinical studies, high levels of antigen-specific antibodies were obtained after administration of an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, permitting antigen-sparing strategies.

What vaccines use AS03?

AS03 (for “Adjuvant System 03”) is the trade name for a squalene-based immunologic adjuvant used in various vaccine products by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). It is used, for example, in GSK’s A/H1N1 pandemic flu vaccine Pandemrix. It is also in Arepanrix and the Q-pan for H5N1 influenza.

What adjuvant is used in the flu vaccine?

Alum is the most commonly included adjuvant in influenza vaccines, but even then is only included in five vaccines. The other adjuvants used are virosomes (Inflexal V), MF59 (FluAd), AS03 (Pandemrix).

How does MF59 adjuvant work?

We believe that MF59 works mainly by inducing a chemokine-driven immune amplification loop leading to enhanced cell recruitment from the blood to the site of administration, thereby enhancing the total numbers of antigen presenting cells (APCs) present in the injection site [14].

Is AS03 safe?

Data from clinical trials with over 55,000 vaccinated subjects showed that AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccines were generally well tolerated and displayed an acceptable safety profile, although the power to detect rare events was limited.

Does the flu vaccine contain squalene?

An adjuvant using squalene is Seqirus’ proprietary MF59, which is added to influenza vaccines to help stimulate the human body’s immune response through production of CD4 memory cells. It is the first oil-in-water influenza vaccine adjuvant to be commercialised in combination with a seasonal influenza virus vaccine.

What is alum adjuvant?

Alum, the classical adjuvant most often used in vaccines in humans, includes a range of salts of aluminum precipitated under basic conditions, usually aluminum sulfate mixed with sodium or potassium hydroxide plus a variable amount of phosphate.

Is MF59 safe?

In humans, MF59 is a safe and potent vaccine adjuvant that has been licensed in more than 20 countries (Fluad [Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., MA, USA]). The safety profile of an MF59-adjuvanted vaccine is well established through a large safety database.

Is squalene harmful to humans?

Safety. Toxicology studies indicate that in the concentrations used in cosmetics, squalene has low acute toxicity, and is not a significant contact allergen or irritant.

Does the Moderna vaccine have adjuvants?

The authorised mRNA vaccines against COVID – made by Pfizer and Moderna – also contain an adjuvant. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a set of genetic instructions for our cells to make the spike protein, which is found on the surface of the coronavirus.