Is IL-6 a Th1 or Th2 cytokine?
Since IL-6 is abundantly produced by APC, it is a likely source of early Th1/Th2 control during CD4(+) T cell activation. Thus, by using two independent molecular mechanisms, IL-6 plays a dual role in Th1/Th2 differentiation.
What cytokine does Th1 produce?
IFN-γ
Th1 cells are most often defined by their production of IL-2 and IFN-γ but have been reported to produce a number of cytokines including: TNF, lymphotoxin, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
What cytokines are produced by Th2?
Th2 cells mediate these functions by producing various cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-17E (IL-25).
What is Th1 cytokine?
Th1 cytokines stimulate macrophages, lymphocytes, and PMNs in the destruction of bacterial pathogens. These cytokines also help foster the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL & NK cells) that are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response against viruses and tumor cells.
Does Th2 release IL-6?
IL-6 in the Th1/Th2 decision. Since IL-6 is rapidly produced by professional APCs in response to different stimuli it was possible that it may act similar to IL-12 in determining the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells in effector cells.
Does Th2 produce IL-6?
Th2 cells mediate these functions by producing various cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-17E (IL-25) that are responsible for strong antibody production, eosinophil activation, and inhibition of several macrophage functions, thus providing phagocyte-independent protective responses.
What are Th1 vs Th2?
Th1 and Th2 cells play an important role in immunity. Th1 cells stimulate cellular immune response, participate in the inhibition of macrophage activation and stimulate B cells to produce IgM, IgG1. Th2 stimulates humoral immune response, promotes B cell proliferation and induces antibody production (IL-4).
What is the difference between Th1 and Th2?
The main difference between TH1 and TH2 helper cells is that the TH1 helper cells generate immune responses against intracellular parasites, including bacteria and viruses, whereas the TH2 helper cells generate immune responses against extracellular parasites including, helminths.
What is Th1 Th2?
What does Th1 stand for?
View Th1 Differentiation Pathway. T helper type 1 (Th1) cells are a lineage of CD4+ effector T cell that promotes cell-mediated immune responses and is required for host defense against intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens. Th1 cells secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-alpha/beta.
What is Th2 and Th1?
Are Th2 cells anti-inflammatory?
In summary, our data show that activation of Th2 responses inhibits inflammatory arthritis. Mechanistically, IL-4/IL-13-STAT6 signalling pathway induces macrophage polarization into anti-inflammatory macrophages into the joints. In addition, eosinophils are activated and further contribute to the resolution of disease.