What is 2nd impact syndrome?
Second impact syndrome, or SIS, happens when the brain swells rapidly shortly after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier concussion have subsided. This event is rare, but when it does happen, it is most often fatal.
Who is Zackery Lystedt?
Zackery Lystedt was a star football player at age 13 who was tackled near the end of the first half of a game on October 12, 2006. He immediately suffered a brain injury – he was rolling on the ground holding his head.
How fast does second-impact syndrome happen?
Second impact injury can result within a matter of days or weeks, or it can occur in the same game or competition if the athlete isn’t removed and treated after the first concussion. Neither impact has to be severe for second impact syndrome to occur.
What age group do most 2nd impact syndrome concussions happen to?
Concussion Testing and Management It is most commonly described as occurring among adolescents males (between 14 and 16 years of age), and it is almost unheard of among adults. SIS was first described in 1973,57 and the term second-impact syndrome was first used to describe the condition in 1984.
Are second concussions worse?
Experts say that if the brain doesn’t have enough time to recover from the initial concussion, a second one can have a devastating, often fatal, effect — even when the second jolt is no more than a light bump.
How common is second impact syndrome?
Epidemiology. Though the incidence of second impact syndrome is unknown, the condition is rare; very few cases have been confirmed in medical literature.
What is Zack Lystedt law?
The law, named after Zackery. Lystedt, a young athlete who was permanently. disabled after sustaining a concussion in 2006, and. prematurely returned to the game, requires any. youth showing signs of a concussion to be examined.
Is it easy to get a second concussion?
Research shows that someone who has already received one concussion is 1-2 times more likely to receive a second one. If that individual has had two concussions, “a third is 2-4 times more likely, and if they’ve had three concussions, then they are 3-9 times more likely to receive their fourth concussion.”
Is second concussion worse?
While the cumulative effects of repeat concussions can produce an increase in number or severity of lasting symptoms, that isn’t guaranteed. Some patients who have experienced just one concussion suffer worse symptoms than patients who have sustained multiple previous concussions.
Why is the second concussion worse?
Second impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when two concussions happen in a relatively short period of time and the second concussion is inflicted before the first has fully healed. This causes the brain to “lose its ability to self-regulate pressure and blood volume flowing” and causes rapid and severe brain swelling.
Can you recover from second impact syndrome?
Prognosis for Second Impact Syndrome Patients whose maximum intracranial pressure increases less than 30 mm Hg may have a good recovery. Also linked to recovery was the absence of pupillary light reflexes.
Is there such a thing as second impact syndrome?
Controversy surrounds Second Impact Syndrome (SIS), a condition so rare that even the frequency of its occurrence is in question.
What happens to the brain after a second concussion?
Second impact syndrome, or SIS, happens when the brain swells rapidly shortly after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier concussion have subsided. This event is rare, but when it does happen, it is most often fatal.
When did Saunders and Harbaugh describe second impact syndrome?
A controversial term first described by Saunders and Harbaugh1in 1984, Second Impact Syndrome (SIS) consists of two events.
What happens to an athlete after a second impact?
With SIS, the events that occur after a second impact may start with the athlete appearing stunned with no loss of consciousness.