What is a macrocyclic rust?
Macrocyclic rusts are those which produce all the above mentioned five spore stages. These rusts are also known as long-cycled rusts. These spore stages may be produced in the same host as in case of autoecious rusts or on two different unrelated hosts as in heteroecious rusts.
What is the pathogen of rust?
Rust (fungus) Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales).
Which pathogen causes an autoecious rust?
Red rust, caused by Puccinia helianthi, is an autoecious rust meaning it produces all its spore stages on sunflower; there are no alternate hosts. Teliospores germinate to produce basidiospores that infect the leaves resulting in the formation of pycnia within which are produced pycniospores and receptive hyphae.
What is fungal rust disease?
The rusts are a group of fungal diseases affecting the aerial parts of plants. Leaves are affected most commonly, but rust can also be found occasionally on stems and even flowers and fruit. The spore pustules produced by rusts vary in colour, according to the rust species and the type of spore that it is producing.
What is macrocyclic effect?
Macrocyclic effect is when multidentate ligands form a cyclic ring with central metal atom or ion, as it is a multidentate ligand it enhances the stability of the complexes. Macrocyclic effect is the high affinity of metal cations for macrocyclic ligands, compared to their acyclic analogues.
What is macrocyclic life cycle?
life cycle is called macrocyclic for its complete suite of five distinct spores, and heteroecious, in that it requires two hosts for completion of the cycle.
Why Puccinia is known as macrocyclic and polymorphic rust?
Puccinia includes about 700 species which are important as they cause rust dieseases of economically important crop plants such as wheat,barley, eats etc. it is a macrocyclic and polymorphic rust, in which the life cycle involves all five spores with a different function.
Which is Autoecious rust?
Autoecious rusts include those that attack asparagus, bean, chrysanthemum, coffee (see coffee rust), hollyhock, snapdragon, and sugarcane. White rust, caused by several funguslike oomycetes in the genus Albugo, attacks many herbaceous plants.
What is heteroecious pathogen?
A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. Both hosts are required for the parasite to complete its life cycle. This can be contrasted with an autoecious parasite which can complete its life cycle on a single host species.
What are macrocyclic ligands?
In chemistry, a macrocyclic ligand is a macrocycle with a ring size of at least nine (including all hetero atoms) and three or more donor sites. Classic examples are crown ethers and porphyrins. Macrocyclic ligands exhibit particularly high affinity for metal ions.
What is the order for a macrocyclic rust?
PATHOLOGY | Rust Diseases Rust fungi are macrocyclic when their life cycle includes five spore states that are often designated by Roman numerals: spermatia (0), aeciospores (I), urediniospores (II), teliospores (III), and basidiospores (IV).
Which is an example of a microcyclic rust?
Gynoconia peckiana is an autoecious demicyclic rust and Gymnosporangium juniperivirginiane is a heteroecious demicyclic rust. Microcyclic rusts are those which produce only the telial stage. Hemileia is an example of a microcyclic rust.
What kind of life cycle does a rust have?
The rust genera have life cycles designated as Macrocyclic, Demicyclic and Microcyclic depending upon the spore stages produced. Macrocyclic rusts are those which produce all the above mentioned five spore stages. These rusts are also known as long-cycled rusts.
What kind of rust has five spore stages?
Macrocyclic rusts are those which produce all the above mentioned five spore stages. These rusts are also known as long-cycled rusts. These spore stages may be produced in the same host as in case of autoecious rusts or on two different unrelated hosts as in heteroecious rusts.
Which is an example of a heteroecious rust disease?
Examples of heteroecious rust diseases include the Gymnosporangium rusts (for example, cedar-apple rust and quince rust), ash rust, and fuchsia rust. Alternatively, other rust fungi do not require more than one host plant to survive; these rust fungi are autoecious and include hollyhock rust, pine-pine gall rust, and geranium rust.