What is Pregenomic RNA?
Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is a direct transcription product of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), and it plays important roles in viral genome amplification and replication.
What proteins have HBV?
The seven main proteins of HBV include Core, pre-Core, Small S, Middle S, Large S, Polymerase, and the critical HBV-encoded regulatory protein hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx).
What is the normal range of HBV viral load?
HBV: Hepatitis B virus. # Normal values: ALT: Males: 10-40 U/L; Females: 7 – 35 U/L; AST: Males: 15 – 40 U/L; Females: 13 – 35 U/L. HBeAg-positive patients had significantly higher ALT levels (mean 170.3 ± 391 IU/L) compared to HBeAg-negative patients (mean 53.9 ± 169.4 IU/L), p < 0.0001 (Table 2).
What is the meaning of HBeAg?
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a small polypeptide that exists in a free form in the serum of individuals during the early phase of hepatitis B infection, soon after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) becomes detectable.
What is covalently closed circular DNA?
cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA) is a special DNA structure that arises during the propagation of some viruses in the cell nucleus and may remain permanently there. It is a double-stranded DNA that originates in a linear form that is ligated by means of DNA ligase to a covalently closed ring.
Is HBsAg a protein?
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Binding Protein: An Immunoglobulin G Constant Region-Like Protein That Interacts With HBV Envelop Proteins and Mediates HBV Entry. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure, affecting 350 million people worldwide.
What is the other name of hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis….
| Hepatitis B | |
|---|---|
| Usual onset | Symptoms may take up to 6 months to appear |
| Duration | Short or long term |
| Causes | Hepatitis B virus spread by some body fluids |
What is log10 HBV IU mL?
A result of “<10 IU/mL (<1.00 log IU/mL)” indicates that HBV DNA is detected, but the HBV DNA level present cannot be quantified accurately below this lower limit of quantification of this assay. When clinically indicated, follow-up testing with this assay is recommended in 1 to 2 months.
What is the function of HBeAg?
HBeAg is a non-particulate protein of HBV that has immunomodulatory properties as a tolerogen that allows the virus to establish HBV infection in vivo. During the natural course of infection, there is seroconversion from a HBeAg-positive phase to a HBeAg-negative, anti-HBe-positive phase.
What makes up 3.5 kb of HBV RNA?
The viral 3.5 kb RNA represents two distinct transcripts differing by approximately 30 nucleotides at the 5’-end of the RNA. The precore 3.5 kb RNA encodes the HBV early antigen (HBeAg) and the pregenomic 3.5 kb RNA is translated to produce the HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and the viral polymerase [ 6 – 8 ].
What kind of DNA is found in HBV?
HBV RC DNA, HBV relaxed circular DNA; HBV SS DNA, HBV single-stranded DNA. Quantitation of the HBV 3.5 kb RNA relative to the GAPDH RNA, the HBV DNA replication intermediates, the HBV native capsids, and the core polypeptide (p21) levels relative to GAPDH is shown as mean plus standard deviation from two independent analyses.
What does precore 3.5 kb RNA encode?
The precore 3.5 kb RNA encodes the HBV early antigen (HBeAg) and the pregenomic 3.5 kb RNA is translated to produce the HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and the viral polymerase [ 6 – 8 ]. The pregenomic RNA also serves as the template for viral reverse transcription in the initial steps of replication [ 4, 5 ].
What is the role of HDAC5 in HBV biosynthesis?
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide health problem without curative treatments. Investigation of the regulation of HBV biosynthesis by class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs) demonstrated that catalytically active HDAC5 upregulates HBV biosynthesis.