How do you use Hertel exophthalmometer?
The Hertel exophthalmometer is used to determine the axial position of the eyes. The instrument is placed on the lateral orbital rim of each side, using as small of a base as possible. Depending on the device, lines on the prism are placed into position by moving the examiners view point to determine the measurement.
What does an Exophthalmometer measure?
An exophthalmometer is used to measure the prominence of the eye; most commonly, the Hertel exophthalmometer is used (Figure 14.1). It measures the anterior projection of the eye, from the lateral orbital rim to the cornea (Table 14.1).
What is normal Hertel?
For the entire study population, the Hertel EVs ranged from 10 mm to 22 mm; the mean EVs for the left eye (OS) and right eye (OD) were 15.0 ± 1.9 mm and 15.0 ± 2.0 mm, respectively; the upper normal limits of the EVs (mean + 2 SD) for OS and OD were 18.8 mm and 19.0 mm, respectively; the mean relative EV was 0.20 ± …
What instrument measures the forward protrusion of the eye?
Measurements will be recorded using the Hertel exophthalmometer. This noninvasive tool is an instrument designed to measure the forward protrusion of the eye and may be used normally during a general eye exam.
Is exophthalmos a symptom of hypothyroidism?
It is often due to hyperthyroidism, and sometimes to hypothyroidism, which is caused by an underactive thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may not cause the eyes to protrude immediately. It may take some time for this to happen.
How do you approach a case of proptosis?
CT scanning is used as the primary imaging technique for evaluation of any patient with proptosis. You should order a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the orbit in special cases, primarily those situations in which imaging of the orbital apex and chiasm is required.
What’s the difference between proptosis and Exophthalmos?
Proptosis can describe any organ that is displaced forward, while exophthalmos refers to only the eyes. Proptosis can include any directional forward displacement.
How does exophthalmos develop?
Causes of exophthalmos Graves’ disease is an autoimmune condition, which is where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. In the case of thyroid eye disease, the immune system attacks the muscles and fatty tissues around and behind the eye, making them swollen.
Why do my eyes always have eye boogers?
Most eye boogers are a sign that the eye is healthy and that it is getting rid of dirt and debris. Good eye hygiene, including removing makeup at night and keeping the eyes clean by wiping the closed eyes with a clean, warm washcloth, can help reduce the eye discharge. In people with dry eyes, eye drops may also help.
How do you assess for proptosis?
The reference line for measurement of proptosis is the interzygomatic line (a line is drawn at the anterior portions of the zygomatic bones): the distance from this line to the posterior sclera is normally 9.9 +/- 1.7 mm. the distance from this line to the anterior surface of the globe should be <23 mm.
Which is the most common method of Hertel exophthalmometry?
E ditor,—The common method used in Hertel exophthalmometry involves aligning the corneal apex with the reference cone on the exophthalmometer and noting the position of this alignment on the millimetre scale (method 1).
How is corneal apex aligned in Hertel exophthalmometry?
Editor,—The common method used in Hertel exophthalmometry involves aligning the corneal apex with the reference cone on the exophthalmometer and noting the position of this alignment on the millimetre scale (method 1).
How is the reference cone on an exophthalmometer aligned?
Keeler, the manufacturers of the exophthalmometer, recommend that the reference cone is aligned with the reference line on the millimetre scale and the position of the anterior surface of the cornea on the millimetre scale noted (method 2).
How does an exophthalmometer measure anterior protrusion?
A Hertel exophthalmometer measures the amount of anterior protrusion of the globes (Fig. 1-20 ). The examiner faces the patient, palpates the patient’s lateral orbital rims, places the concave sites on the side of the Hertel instrument over each rim, and records the base (or distance between these two points) from the instrument.