What are the different types of tumor antigens?
Tumor antigens are usually classified as one of either: (1) differentiation antigens, (2) the products of viral, mutated, differentially spliced or overexpressed genes, or (3) metabolic pathway proteins.
What immunotherapies directly target tumor-specific antigens?
T-cell immunotherapies targeting unmutated MHC-associated antigens, including viral antigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAA) will also be described in the context of blood cancers.
What is Neoantigen immunotherapy?
A new protein that forms on cancer cells when certain mutations occur in tumor DNA. Neoantigens may play an important role in helping the body make an immune response against cancer cells. Neoantigens used in vaccines and other types of immunotherapy are being studied in the treatment of many types of cancer.
What are tumor-specific transplantation antigens?
Perhaps the most important new antigen at the surface of virus-transformed cells is the tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA). TSTA stimulates the development of a cellular immune response in the host, leading to rejection of tumor cells carrying the antigen. TSTA is not a virion antigen.
What is tumor Neoantigen?
Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity.
What is the difference between a tumor-specific antigen TSA and a tumor-associated antigen TAA )?
While tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are exclusively expressed in tumor cells, tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are present on not only tumor cells but also some normal cells.
What is tumor antigenicity?
Tumor antigen is an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host. Tumor antigens are useful tumor markers in identifying tumor cells with diagnostic tests and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy. The field of cancer immunology studies such topics.
Is there a tumor-specific neoantigen database for cancer?
In this study, we developed a comprehensive tumor-specific neoantigen database(TSNAdb v1.0), based on pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses of somatic mutationdata and human leukocyte antigen(HLA) allele information for 16 tumor types with 7748 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA).
How many cancer antigenic peptides are there in the database?
In the Cancer Immunity Peptide Database ( 23 ), a total of 403 tumor antigenic peptides are included, which are classified into unique antigens, tumor-specific antigens, differentiation antigens and overexpressed antigens according to their expression patterns.
How many Neoantigens are in the tsnadb database?
In the ‘Home’ page, TSNAdb provides a statistical table about the database, including the number of projects, samples, HLA alleles ( Figure 1 B), mutations ( Figure 1 C), and predicted neoantigens of each tumor type. The table presents 3,707,562 potential neoantigens from the 7748 tumor samples across 16 tumor types.
How are tumor antigens expressed in healthy and viral cells?
Tumor antigens are classified according to the pattern of expression of the parental gene. The production of antigenic peptides by cancer cells (upper panel) and healthy cells (lower panel) is depicted. Viral antigens are only expressed in virally infected cells.