What is CSF stroke volume?
Stroke volume (SV), defined as the mean volume of CSF passing through the aqueduct during both systole and diastole, greater than or equal to 42 muL, serves as a selection criterion for patients with good probabilities of improvement after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (VPS).
What is hyperdynamic CSF flow?
The hyperdynamic CSF flow results from normal systolic brain expansion compressing the enlarged ventricles. When atrophy occurs, there is less brain expansion, decreased aqueductal CSF flow, and less likelihood of responding to shunting.
How do you calculate stroke volume in CSF?
Stroke volume is the average of the CSF volume passing through aqueduct during systole and diastole in milliliters/cycle which was calculated from summation of forward flow volume and backward flow volume then divided all by two.
What condition results when there is too much CSF volume in the brain?
Definition. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the fluid-containing cavities or ventricles of the brain. The term hydrocephalus is derived from the Greek words “hydro” meaning water and “cephalus” meaning the head.
What is normal CSF flow rate?
Typical CSF flow is 5-8 cm/s. In patients with hyperdynamic circulation much higher velocities can be encountered relying on higher VENCs (up to 25 cm/s) 1.
How is CSF flow measured?
The flow of CSF with each cardiac pulse into and out of the spinal subarachnoid space has been measured by PC-MRI. The pressure of the midbrain aqueduct may be changed by alterations of blood vessel capacity owing to heartbeats.
What is CSF flow cytometry?
Flow cytometric immunophenotyping is used to diagnose and classify samples of peripheral blood, bone marrow, and CSF of patients with hematologic malignancies. For the detection of malignant hematologic cells in CSF, flow cytometry is considered to be more sensitive than cytomorphology.
Where is the Sylvian aqueduct located?
The cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) is the structure within the brainstem that connects the third ventricle to the fourth. It is located within the midbrain, surrounded by periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) with the tectum of midbrain located posteriorly and the tegmentum anteriorly.
What causes NPH?
What causes normal pressure hydrocephalus? The cause of excess fluid in the ventricles of the brain may be due to injury, bleeding, infection, brain tumor, or surgery on the brain. However, the cause is often not known. When excess fluid builds up in the ventricles, they enlarge and press against nearby brain tissue.
What happens if too much CSF is drained?
It is possible that the puncture of the ventricle or the opening of the dura will result in an intracranial hemorrhage. It is possible that if too much CSF is removed from the ventricles, either during a drainage procedure or when the ventricle is first punctured, the ventricle may collapse and occlude the catheter.
What is CSF circulation?
Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that circulates between the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space. In addition to its function as a natural cushion for the brain, CSF provides the circulation of metabolic products, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
How much CSF do I need for flow cytometry?
The volume of fluid necessary to phenotype the lymphocytes or blasts in spinal fluid depends upon the cell count in the specimen. A cell count should be determined and submitted with the specimen. Usually 1 to 1.5 mL of spinal fluid is sufficient. Smaller volumes can be used if there is a high cell count.