What is the process for DNA replication?
Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. Finally, a special enzyme called DNA polymerase organizes the assembly of the new DNA strands.
What is the end result of DNA replication?
The result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of one new and one old chain of nucleotides. This is why DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, half of the chain is part of the original DNA molecule, half is brand new.
What do you mean by DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Once the DNA in a cell is replicated, the cell can divide into two cells, each of which has an identical copy of the original DNA.
What are the 4 steps of replication?
What are the 4 steps of DNA replication?
- Step 1: Replication Fork Formation. Before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped” into two single strands.
- Step 2: Primer Binding. The leading strand is the simplest to replicate.
- Step 3: Elongation.
- Step 4: Termination.
What are the 7 steps of DNA replication?
The series of events that occur during prokaryotic DNA replication have been explained below.
- Initiation.
- Primer Synthesis.
- Leading Strand Synthesis.
- Lagging Strand Synthesis.
- Primer Removal.
- Ligation.
- Termination.
What are the 6 steps of DNA replication?
The complete process of DNA Replication involves the following steps:
- Recognition of initiation point.
- Unwinding of DNA –
- Template DNA –
- RNA Primer –
- Chain Elongation –
- Replication forks –
- Proof reading –
- Removal of RNA primer and completion of DNA strand –
What is the end result of translation?
polypeptide
When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, it releases the mRNA strand and amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence is the final result of translation, and is known as a polypeptide. Polypeptides can then undergo folding to become functional proteins.
What is the end result of DNA replication quizlet?
The outcome of DNA replication is two DNA nearly identical DNA double helix molecules. Each DNA is made up of one DNA strand from the original DNA and a newly created strand.
Can humans replicate DNA?
DNA replication of human chromosomes occurs by the activity of thousands of units of replication, or replicons.
Why does DNA replication occur 5 to 3?
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the deoxyribose (3′) ended strand in a 5′ to 3′ direction. Nucleotides cannot be added to the phosphate (5′) end because DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction. The lagging strand is therefore synthesised in fragments.
What are the 6 steps of replication?
Key Points
- Viral replication involves six steps: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
- During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it.
Where is topoisomerase located?
mitochondria
Topoisomerase is also found in the mitochondria of cells. The mitochondria generate ATP as well as playing a role in programmed cell death and aging. The mitochondrial DNA of animal cells is a circular, double-stranded DNA that requires the activity of topoisomerase to be replicated.
How are proteins associated with the replication fork?
A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase .
How is DNA replication carried out in eukaryotes?
In eukaryotes, there are multiple origin of replication present. A pre-replication complex is made with other initiator proteins. The process is entirely the same but the enzymes used are different. E.g. in eukaryotes, the polymerization process is carried out by the enzyme Pol δ, whereas in prokaryotes it is done by DNA Pol III.
What are enzymes that are involved in DNA replication?
Enzymes that participate in the eukaryotic DNA replication process include: DNA helicase – unwinds and separates double stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA. It forms the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs in DNA. DNA primase – a type of RNA polymerase that generates RNA primers.
Which is the first step in the replication process?
Step 1: Replication Fork Formation. Before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped” into two single strands. DNA has four bases called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) that form pairs between the two strands.