What does Simian foamy virus do?
Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are highly prevalent in all nonhuman primate species and can infect humans following occupational and non-occupational exposure to infected animals and their tissues, blood or body fluids. Virus transmission results in a stable, persistent infection that seems to be latent.
Why is it called foamy virus?
The foamy viruses derive their name from the characteristic ‘foamy’ appearance of the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced in the cells. Foamy virus in humans occurs only as a result of zoonotic infection.
Is SFV a virus?
The SFV is a spherical, enveloped virus that ranges from 80-100 nm in diameter. The cellular receptors have not been characterized, but it is hypothesized that it has a molecular structure with near ubiquitous prevalence, since a wide range of cells are permissible to infection.
What is Prototype Foamy Virus?
Prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasomes have been well characterized structurally4,5. These intasomes are a tetramer of PFV IN with two “inner” catalytically active subunits and two “outer” subunits that are not catalytically active, but are important for the architecture of the complex.
What is HFV accounting?
“We’re going to move from mark-to-market accounting to something I call HFV, or hypothetical future value accounting,” Skilling joked as he read from a script. “If we do that, we can add a kazillion dollars to the bottom line.”
What is CPE microbiology?
cytopathic effect (CPE), structural changes in a host cell resulting from viral infection. CPE occurs when the infecting virus causes lysis (dissolution) of the host cell or when the cell dies without lysis because of its inability to reproduce.
What is a prototype virus?
Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is a member of the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily of retroviruses, which maintains lifelong latent infection while being nonpathogenic to their natural hosts. Autophagy is a cell-programmed mechanism that plays a pivotal role in controlling homeostasis and defense against exotic pathogens.
What did Enron do?
Enron was an energy company that began to trade extensively in energy derivatives markets. The company hid massive trading losses, ultimately leading to one of the largest accounting scandals and bankruptcy in recent history.
What is hypothetical future accounting?
The worth of a future amount of money at specific point in time. If one expects an investment to result in a cash flow at a certain time in the future, calculating the cash flow’s present value will help the investor decide whether the investment results in a real profit.
Is CPE airborne?
CPE is not spread through the air, but may survive on equipment and surfaces, such as bedrails, tables, chairs, countertops and door handles.
Can CPE go away?
Once CPE settles into the gut it usually stays for a long time. If you have good health and do not need to take any antibiotics for a long time that gives you the best chance of getting rid of CPE or at least having it shrink to very small numbers. Antibiotics will not remove CPE from your gut.
Why is Alex Mercer evil?
Alex Mercer. However, due to being consumed by the Blacklight Virus, Mercer eventually lost his faith in humanity and intended on infecting all of mankind, ultimately becoming the archenemy of James Heller, the main protagonist of the second game, who seeks to kill him for causing the death of his wife and daughter.
What kind of virus is the simian foamy virus?
The Simian Foamy Virus (SFV) is species of the genus Spumavirus, which belongs to the family of Retroviridae.
How big is a foamy foamy virus particle?
SFV causes cells to fuse with each other to form syncytia, whereby the cell becomes multi-nucleated and many vacuoles form, giving it a “foamy” appearance. An electron micrograph of foamy virus particles in an unknown sample. The SFV is a spherical, enveloped virus that ranges from 80-100 nm in diameter.
How is the IP required for a foamy virus?
Foamy viruses utilize multiple promoters, which is a mechanism observed in no other retrovirus except Spumaviridae. The IP is required for viral infectivity in tissue culture, as this promoter has a higher basal transcription level than the LTR promoter, and its use leads to transcripts encoding Tas and Bet.
How are the capsids of the SFV virus assembled?
The SFV capsid is assembled in the cytoplasm as a result of multimerization of Gag molecules, but unlike other related viruses, SFV Gag lacks an N-terminal myristylation signal and capsids are not targeted to the plasma membrane (PM).