What is a Panniculus reflex?
Cutaneous trunci reflex (panniculus reflex) – this reflex is used to help localize a spinal cord lesion. This reflex is evaluated by pinching the skin just lateral to the vertebral spines bilaterally, often with your fingers in a firm manner or hemostat. A positive response is seen by a skin twitch.
Which muscle is a remnant of panniculus carnosus?
It is a layer of striated muscle deep to the panniculus adiposus. In humans the platysma muscle of the neck, palmaris brevis in the hand, and the dartos muscle in the scrotum are described as a discrete muscle of the panniculus carnosus.
Can you get rid of panniculus without surgery?
Surgical removal is the only way to get rid of the panniculus, which doesn’t respond to diet or exercise. Although weight loss can help decrease the fatty deposits, extra skin often remains behind.
How is Palpebral reflex tested?
Palpebral reflex: Touch the medial canthus of the eye with a finger, cotton tip applicator, hemostat, or pen; the blink should be complete. Figure 3. Vibrissae response: Touch the upper lip; the patient may move the lip only or turn the head away.
What kind of reflex is the panniculus reflex?
The cutaneous trunci reflex (sometimes called the panniculus reflex) is a relatively complex reflex elicited by applying a noxious stimulus to the skin, which stimulates the superficial spinal nerves innervating a particular region or autonomous zone (dermatome) of the dermis and elicits a motor response, which is seen as a skin twitch.
Can a cutaneous trunci reflex be absent in a lesion?
Panniculus (cutaneous trunci) reflex may be reduced or absent caudal to a lesion. In the lumbar region the panniculus reflex may be present in lesions caudal to L3 due to the pattern of cutaneous innervation of lumbar spinal nerves. There may be an area of hyperesthesia at the level of a lesion.
Where does the signal from the trunci reflex go?
When the cutaneous trunci reflex is stimulated, a reflex arc is initiated, with the afferent nerves of that particular region of the skin stimulated and a signal transmitted to the spinal cord. The signal is transmitted cranially to the C8-T1 spinal cord segments, where the nerves synapse with the efferent nerves of the lateral thoracic nerve.
Which is the most reliable reflex in the hind limb?
These reflexes are considered the most reliable reflexes in the hind limb, specifically the withdrawal and patellar reflexes. The withdrawal reflex is performed by pinching a toe. A positive response is seen if the patient flexes the hip, stifle, and hock.