How do you identify Paragonimus westermani?
Paragonimus westermani eggs range from 80-120 µm long by 45-70 µm wide. They are yellow-brown, ovoid or elongate, with a thick shell, and often asymmetrical with one end slightly flattened. At the large end, the operculum is clearly visible.
Where is P Westermani found?
Paragonimus westermani and several other species are found throughout eastern, southwestern, and southeast Asia; (including China, the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand). P. africanus is found in Africa, and P. mexicanus in Central and South America.
What type of organism is Paragonimus westermani?
Nonbacterial Infectious Pneumonia Paragonimus species such as Paragonimus westermani are hermaphroditic flukes that are endemic in Southeast Asia, South America, and South Africa. They are rarely found in North America and Europe.
How is P Westermani diagnosed?
The infection is usually diagnosed by identification of Paragonimus eggs in sputum. The eggs are sometimes found in stool samples (coughed-up eggs are swallowed). A tissue biopsy is sometimes performed to look for eggs in a tissue specimen.
How do you treat Paragonimus westermani?
Treatment. Praziquantel is the drug of choice: adult or pediatric dosage, 25 mg/kg given orally three times per day for 2 consecutive days. For cerebral disease, a short course of corticosteroids may be given with the praziquantel to help reduce the inflammatory response around dying flukes.
What is economic importance of Paragonimus westermani?
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive Paragonimus westermani is a common parasite of humans, and it has been used for research purposes to help better understand trematode infections.
What is the reservoir of Paragonimus westermani?
Epidemiology. Reservoir hosts of Paragonimus spp. include numerous species of carnivores including felids, canids, viverrids, mustelids, some rodents and pigs. Humans become infected after eating raw freshwater crabs or crayfish that have been encysted with the metacerciaria.
What is the habitat of Paragonimus westermani?
Paragonimus westermani hatches from its egg as a ciliated miracidium in a freshwater aquatic environment and searches for a snail that becomes its first intermediate host. The miracidium burrows into the soft tissues of the snail, loses its cilia, and develops into a sac-like sporocyst.
Which of these are Paragonimus reservoirs?
Reservoir hosts of Paragonimus spp. include numerous species of carnivores including felids, canids, viverrids, mustelids, some rodents and pigs. Humans become infected after eating raw freshwater crabs or crayfish that have been encysted with the metacerciaria.
What does paragonimus Westermani cause?
Paragonimiasis is infection with the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani and related species. Humans are infected by eating raw, pickled, or poorly cooked freshwater crustaceans. Most infections are asymptomatic, but pulmonary symptoms may occur, including chronic cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis.
What is the infective stage for paragonimus Westermani?
Cercariae invade a crustacean such as a crab or crayfish (2nd intermediate host), where they encyst and become metacercariae (the infective stage for mammalian hosts).
How is paragonimus treated?
Paragonimiasis Treatment In most people, paragonimiasis can be cured with oral anti-parasite medications. Both praziquantel (Biltricide) and triclabendazole (Egaten) are approved for treatment. Praziquantel is taken three times daily for two days, while triclabendazole is taken twice a day, 12 hours apart.
What kind of egg does Paragonimus westermani have?
Paragonimus westermani eggs range from 80-120 µm long by 45-70 µm wide. They are yellow-brown, ovoid or elongate, with a thick shell, and often asymmetrical with one end slightly flattened. At the large end, the operculum is clearly visible. The opposite (abopercular) end is thickened.
What kind of disease does Paragonimus westermani cause?
Paragonimus westermani is the major species of lung fluke that infects humans, causing paragonimiasis. The species sometimes is called the Japanese lung fluke or oriental lung fluke. Human infections are most common in eastern Asia and in South America.
Who are the reservoir hosts of Paragonimus westermani?
Reservoir hosts of Paragonimus spp. include numerous species of carnivores including felids, canids, viverrids, mustelids, some rodents and pigs. Humans become infected after eating raw freshwater crabs or crayfish that have been encysted with the metacerciaria.
How big are the eggs of Paragonimus kellicotti?
Eggs of Paragonimus kellicotti. Paragonimus kellicotti eggs range from 80-100 µm long by 55-65 µm wide. They are yellow-brown, ovoid or elongate, with a thick shell, and often asymmetrical with one end slightly flattened. At the large end, the operculum is clearly visible.