What vitamin is coenzyme A derived from?
Pantothenic acid (PA) is a B vitamin that is a component of coenzyme A (Figure 2). Coenzyme A is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and other biomolecules. As a cofactor of the acyl carrier protein, pantothenic acid participates in the synthesis of fatty acids.
Is pantothenic acid a CoA?
Pantothenic acid is the precursor of coenzyme A. Coenzyme A (CoA) and 4′-phosphopantetheine, the cofactor forms of pantothenic acid, participate in the enzyme-catalysed reactions of several metabolic pathways by formation of thioester bonds as the predominant acyl group carriers.
What is the vitamin precursor for coenzyme A?
Pantothenate is vitamin B5 and is the key precursor for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) and carrier proteins that have a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group.
What is the source of coenzyme A?
Coenzyme A is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in food such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. In humans and most living organisms, pantothenate is an essential vitamin that has a variety of functions.
Is vitamin Ca a coenzyme?
Most water-soluble vitamins act as coenzymes or are required for the synthesis of coenzymes….18.8: Enzyme Cofactors and Vitamins.
| Vitamin | vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
|---|---|
| Coenzyme | none |
| Coenzyme Function | antioxidant; formation of collagen, a protein found in tendons, ligaments, and bone |
| Deficiency Disease | scurvy |
What is coenzyme used for?
Coenzyme Q10 is most commonly used for conditions that affect the heart such as heart failure and fluid build up in the body (congestive heart failure or CHF), chest pain (angina), and high blood pressure. It is also used for preventing migraine headache, Parkinson disease, and many other conditions.
Is pantothenic acid an AB vitamin?
Pantothenic acid (also known as vitamin B5) is an essential nutrient that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. The main function of this water-soluble B vitamin is in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein [1,2].
What does coenzyme A do?
Coenzyme A (CoASH) has a clearly defined role as a cofactor for a number of oxidative and biosynthetic reactions in intermediary metabolism. Formation of acyl-CoA thioesters from organic carboxylic acids activates the acid for further biotransformation reactions and facilitates enzyme recognition.
What is a vitamin precursor?
The term “precursor” is applied to an inactive substance converted to an active one (such as an enzyme, vitamin, or hormone). The term “precursor” applies to any chemical that is transformed into another.
Is CoQ10 a vitamin?
CoQ10 is a fat-soluble, vitamin-like compound that seems to have many health benefits. It is involved in the production of cellular energy and serves as an antioxidant. These properties make it helpful in the preservation of cells and the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases.
What vitamin is a coenzyme in energy production?
In essence, the B-complex vitamins act as coenzymes in energy metabolism. The B complex of vitamins includes thiamin (vitamin Bl), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), folate (folic acid), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), pantothenic acid, and biotin.
Is vitamin Ka coenzyme or cofactor?
Vitamin K is a cofactor for the synthesis of blood coagulation Factors II, VII, IX and X, and inhibitors such as Protein C and S and bone matrix protein. Its active form is a coenzyme in the glutamic acid carboxylation. Vitamin K-dependent factors form enzymatic complexes with calcium and membrane phospholipids.
Which is the only source of phosphopantetheine prosthetic group?
CoA is also the only source of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group for enzymes that shuttle intermediates between the active sites of enzymes involved in fatty acid, nonribosomal peptide, and polyketide synthesis. Pantothenate can be synthesized de novo and/or transported into the cell through a pantothenatepermease.
Which is active site of phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase ( PPAT )?
His17 is the key active site amino acid residue. Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase (PPAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), which is the active and physiologically functional form of dietary Vitamin B5.
Is the 4′-phosphopantetheinyl moiety composed of amino acids?
A group, such as the 4’-phosphopantetheinyl moiety for ACP, is called a prosthetic group; the prosthetic group is not composed of amino acids and is a tightly bound cofactor required for the biological activity of some proteins ( Figure 2 ). Acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and ACP are all required for the synthesis of fatty acids in the cytosol.
What is the role of CoA in pantothenate uptake?
Pantothenate uptake is essential for those organisms that lack the genes to synthesize this vitamin. The intracellular levels of CoA are controlled by the balance between synthesis and degradation.