What is the density of HTPB?
920 kg/m 3
The density of cured HTPB is 920 kg/m 3 . The propellant microstructure is addressed for the interpretation and the prediction of agglomerate size distribution in aluminized composite solid rocket propellants.
Is HTPB solid fuel?
Thermochemical analyses suggest that HTPB binder can profitably be used as a solid fuel in hybrid rockets, granting higher specific impulse with respect to solid propulsion.
What is HTPB fuel?
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is an oligomer of butadiene terminated at each end with a hydroxyl functional group. It reacts with isocyanates to form polyurethane polymers. HTPB is a translucent liquid with a color similar to wax paper and a viscosity similar to corn syrup.
Is HTPB an oxidizer?
The commonly used oxidizers such as AP and AN produce high oxygen concentrations on thermal decomposition. The fuel used is the hydrocarbon-based polymers such as HTPB, CTPB, and PBAN. Typically high concentrations of oxidizers are used to give high specific impulse.
What does NASA use for solid rocket fuel?
The solid fuel is actually powdered aluminum — a form similar to the foil wraps in your kitchen — mixed with oxygen provided by a chemical called ammonium perchlorate.
Is it legal to buy ammonium perchlorate?
The purchase of perchlorate is available to all experienced professionals who will use the product for legal purposes. The purchase and handling of the product must be governed by a series of regulations, since this compound and all its derivatives are substances whose handling needs very professional competence.
Is HTPB an hydrocarbon?
HTPB is a telechelic (macro-molecule that contains two reactive end groups) polymer having an unsaturated hydrocarbon backbone. HTPB is also used in the construction & civil engineering industry to manufacture adhesives and sealants.
What is HTPB binder?
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethane networks are state-of-the-art propellant binder systems extensively used in composite solid propellants. HTPB is synthesized through both free radical and anionic polymerization Routes.
Why do rockets carry their own oxygen?
Since there is no air and space, rockets need to take oxygen with them into space. That gas has pressure, and it pushes harder against the top of the rocket than the bottom, making it go up or forward. Since the fuel is burning, exhaust is released out the bottom.
Can rocket fuel renewable?
Air Company has developed a way to create renewable fuel from carbon dioxide. By using CO2 from the air instead of burning fossil fuels to make rocket fuel, CO2 is kept in the ground, closing the carbon loop. Air Company uses certified wind energy, which is low-carbon, to make its fuel.
Is it legal to make rocket motors?
In the United States, rocket candy motors are legal to make, but illegal to transport without a low explosives users permit. Users may also launch using these motors by applying for an FAA flight waiver.
How do you make ammonium perchlorate?
Ammonium perchlorate is produced from sodium perchlorate by mixing sodium perchlorate solution with ammonium chloride, heating the solution mixture to about 100° C. and then cooling it at a controlled rate to achieve the desired particle size distribution.
What happens during the combustion of AP / HTPB?
The physiochemical processes that occur during the combustion of AP/HTPB propellant include condensed-phase heating, degradation of AP and HTPB, melting and surface pyrolysis, and gas-phase reactions.
Why do solid propellants have a high energy density?
They are very energetic and produce high temperature gaseous products on combustion. The high material density of solid propellants leads to high energy density (The energy produced by a unit mass of a propellant is called its energy density) needed for producing the required propulsive force.
How are theoretical ISPs for different types of fuel different?
Or how documents which list theoretical ISPs for different types of fuels can have wildly differing numbers, e.g. Document A says LOX/LH2has a vacuum ISP of 454, while Document B says it’s 462.