What is permutit process?
When water percolates through the deposits of chalk and limestone composed of magnesium and calcium carbonates, it is produced. The process in which hard water containing Ca2+ is filtered through sand named zeolite is called Permutit process. Permutit is a zeolite of an artificial source.
What is permutit method how can it be used?
The permutit method is a simple filtration method. In this method zeolite that is also known as natural sand is used to filter the hard water. Hard water is passed through sodium permutit. Permutit is a hydrated sodium alumina-orthosilicate.
What are some processes of water softening?
Water softening is achieved either by adding chemicals that form insoluble precipitates or by ion exchange. On a small scale, chemicals used for softening include ammonia, borax, calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), or trisodium phosphate, usually in conjunction with sodium carbonate (soda ash).
What is zeolite and permutit process?
Zeolite is made up of microporous minerals which have the capacity of exchanging ions. Hence Zeolite is used to remove the hardness of the water. Process of removing the hardness of water by using Permutit is called a Permutit or zeolite process.
How is water softened by permutit or zeolite process?
We know that in the Permutit process salts which cause hardness of water are replaced by salts of sodium. Zeolites are made of aluminates and silicates which can attract many cations. In the Permutit process, we use sodium zeolites for softening hard water. The formula of sodium zeolite is Na2Al2Si3O10.
What softened by permutit process contains?
A tall cylinder is loosely filled with lumps of permutit. When hard water containing calcium and magnesium ions percolates through these lumps, ions exchange. Sodium permutit is slowly changed into calcium and magnesium permutit, and the water becomes soft with the removal of calcium and magnesium ions.
What is zeolite process of water softening?
In zeolite softening, water containing scale-forming ions, such as calcium and magnesium, passes through a resin bed containing SAC resin in the sodium form. In the resin, the hardness ions are exchanged with the sodium, and the sodium diffuses into the bulk water solution.
What does water softening do?
A Water Softener is a filtration system that works to remove high concentrations of calcium and magnesium that cause hard water. When water flows through a Water Softener, the system filters out these hard water minerals and the softened water then leaves the water softening system to flow through plumbing.
How is water softened by zeolite?
Why is zeolite used for softening?
The sodium zeolite reacts with salts of magnesium and calcium which converts them to magnesium and calcium zeolites. After sometime sodium zeolite is completely converted to calcium and magnesium zeolites so reactions stop. Therefore, the sodium aluminium zeolite is used to soften the hardness of water.
What is sodium permutit?
permutit is complex organic salt having formula Na2Al2Si2O8. xH2O. it is also known as sodium aluminium silicate or zeolites. permutit is utilized in iron exchange method for softening hard water(water that contains high minerals) the cations present in hard water are exchanged for sodium ions.
How is Permutit used to soften tank water?
The gravel layer carries out the removal of impurities. It then comes into contact with permutit, which in tank water substitutes Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions into Na + ions. The chemical reaction is expressed as shown below. Where X = Na 2 Al 2 Si 2 O 8 .xH 2 O.
What is the formula for the chemical Permutit?
Permutit is an artificial zeolite. Chemically, it is hydrated sodium aluminum orthosilicate with the formula Na 2 O. For the sake of convenience, let us give it the formula Na 2
What kind of sand is used for Permutit process?
The process in which hard water containing Ca2+ is filtered through sand named zeolite is called Permutit process. Permutit is a zeolite of an artificial source.
How does the zeolite process for water softening work?
Zeolite process for water softening has become a commercial success for the reason that zeolite can be easily regenerated. When Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions containing hard water is passes through a bed of sodium zeolite, the sodium ions are replace by the calcium and magnesium ions.