Why do you give octreotide for GI bleed?
Octreotide reduces portal and variceal pressures as well as splanchnic and portal-systemic collateral blood flows [2]. It also prevents postprandial splanchnic hyperemia in patients with portal hypertension [3] and lowers gastric mucosal blood flow in normal and portal hypertensive stomachs [4].
How does octreotide stop GI bleeding?
It inhibits the release of many endocrine peptides including insulin and glucagon. In addition, it inhibits the release of gastric acid. Because glucagon is a vasodilator, octreotide indirectly decreases splanchic blood flow by its action inhibiting the release of glucagon.
When is octreotide used?
Octreotide is used to treat severe watery diarrhea and sudden reddening of the face and neck caused by certain types of tumors (e.g., carcinoid tumors, vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors) that are found usually in the intestines and pancreas.
Is vasopressin used for GI bleed?
Vasopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor which greatly reduces mesenteric blood flow. In patients with portal hypertension this results in decreased portal venous flow and portal pressure. Because of this property, vasopressin has been used for years in the therapy of variceal haemorrhage.
What is the Injection given for vomiting?
Zofran (ondansetron hydrochloridc) Injection is an antiemetic (anti nausea and vomiting) used to prevent nausea and vomiting that may be caused by surgery or by medicine to treat cancer (chemotherapy). Zofran Injection is available in generic form.
Is pantoprazole used for GI bleed?
In conclusion, IV pantoprazole provides an effective option in the treatment of upper GI bleeding and the prevention of rebleeding, and for the prophylaxis of acute bleeding stress ulcers.
What is Protonix taken for?
This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
Why is vasopressin given to patients with bleeding from esophageal varices?
Vasopressin has been used for 25 years to control bleeding from esophageal varices. Its efficacy is believed to be due to a direct vasoconstrictor activity on splanchnic arterioles and precapillary sphincters, with secondary reduction in portal venous blood flow and pressure.
How does vasopressin raise blood pressure?
Vasopressin selectively raises free water reabsorption in the kidneys and results in blood pressure elevation (Elliot et al, 1996).
What are the treatments for GI bleed?
Treatment. If you have an upper GI bleed, you might be given an IV drug known as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to suppress stomach acid production. Once the source of the bleeding is identified, your doctor will determine whether you need to continue taking a PPI.
How does octreotide stop bleeding?
With GI bleeders, Octreotide acts as a vasoconstrictor, which causes varices (if the source of the bleed) to shrink down and hopefully stop bleeding. That’s the most common use of octreotide in the hospital setting.
Is there cure for GI bleeding?
Treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding depends on the cause and location of your bleeding. During an upper GI endoscopy, a lower GI endoscopy, a colonoscopy, a flexible sigmoidoscopy, or a laparotomy, a doctor can stop the bleeding in your GI tract.