Why cyclodextrin is used in drug delivery?
In the pharmaceutical industry cyclodextrins have mainly been used as complexing agents to increase aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, and to increase their bioavailability and stability.
How is cyclodextrin administered?
When administered orally, cyclodextrins are not absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and thus are practically nontoxic. This is due to their bulky and hydrophilic nature. Any absorption, if it occurs, is by passive diffusion.
What are the 4 drug delivery methods?
Routes of Delivery Medications can be taken in a variety of ways—by swallowing, by inhalation, by absorption through the skin, or by intravenous injection. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, and not all methods can be used for every medication.
What is a cyclodextrin and what is it used for?
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides used for the improvement of water-solubility and bioavailability of drugs.
Which type of cyclodextrin are safe for drug delivery by the US FDA?
Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin are all generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA. They have been applied for delivery of a variety of drugs, including hydrocortisone, prostaglandin, nitroglycerin, itraconazol, chloramphenicol. The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs.
How does cyclodextrin improve solubility of drugs?
Cyclodextrins and their derivatives, by forming guest- host complexes, encapsulate an insoluble drug and increase its aqueous solubility. The cyclodextrin carries the drug through the aqueous solution and the complex dissociates upon reach- ing the site of action.
Where can I get cyclodextrin?
Cyclodextrins can be found in nature. Some bacteria (e.g. Bacillus macerans) produce CDs from starch by enzymatic process for their energy storage. This process is mimicked by the industry using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase enzyme and starch (corn, potato, manioc, etc) as raw material.
Is cyclodextrin a drug?
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides with widespread usage in medicine, industry and basic sciences owing to their ability to solubilize and stabilize guest compounds. In medicine, cyclodextrins primarily act as a complexing vehicle and consequently serve as powerful drug delivery agents.
What is novel drug delivery method?
Novel Drug delivery System (NDDS) refers to the approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effects. NDDS is a system for delivery of drug other than conventional drug delivery system.
What is liposomal drug delivery system?
Liposomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), they are vesicular structures consisting of bilalyers which form spontaneously when phospholipids are dispersed in water. They are microscopic vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membrane composed of lipid bilayers.
What drugs contain cyclodextrin?
Introduction
| Drug/cyclodextrin | Trade name | Formulation |
|---|---|---|
| Itraconazole | Sporanox | Oral and intravenous solution |
| Mitomycin | MitoExtra, Mitozytrex | Intravenous infusion |
| Sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SBEβCD) | ||
| Aripiprazole | Abilify | Intramuscular solution |
Which is better alpha or beta cyclodextrin?
The potencies of cyclodextrin for solubilizing various components of erythrocytes were alpha greater than beta much greater than gamma for phospholipids, beta much greater than gamma greater than alpha for cholesterol and beta much greater than gamma greater than alpha for proteins.
Are there any studies on cyclodextrin-based carriers?
Still, considerable study on delivery system and administration routes of cyclodextrin-based carriers is necessary with respect to their pharmacokinetics and toxicology to substantiate their safety and efficiency.
How does cyclodextrin-based nanotechnology provide better therapeutic effect?
Cyclodextrin-based nanotechnology seems to provide better therapeutic effect and sustain long life of healthy and recovered cells. Still, considerable study on delivery system and administration routes of cyclodextrin-based carriers is necessary with respect to their pharmacokinetics and toxicology to substantiate their safety and efficiency.
Why are cyclodextrins used as excipients in drug formulation?
In addition to their well-known effects on drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety, and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation are also discussed in this article.
How are cyclodextrins absorbed in the human body?
The safety and toxicity of cyclodextrins depend on the route of administration. When administered orally, cyclodextrins are not absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and thus are practically nontoxic. This is due to their bulky and hydrophilic nature. Any absorption, if it occurs, is by passive diffusion.