Is PLA2 an enzyme?
The cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) family consists of three enzymes, among which cPLA2alpha has been paid much attention by researchers as an essential component of the initiation of AA metabolism. The activation of cPLA2alpha is tightly regulated by Ca2+ and phosphorylation.
What is the function of phospholipase A2?
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays crucial roles in diverse cellular responses, including phospholipid digestion and metabolism, host defense and signal transduction.
What do phospholipase enzymes do?
Phopholipases, as the term suggests, are a group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of phospholipids. While some phospholipases possess substrate specificity for certain phospholipid species, some can catalyze the cleavage of other lipophillic molecules (such as triacylglycerols) in addition to phospholipids.
What activates PLA2?
Venom from both snakes and insects is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA2. Due to the increased presence and activity of PLA2 resulting from a snake or insect bite, arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid membrane disproportionately.
What does PLA2 stand for?
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme that appears to play a role in the inflammation of blood vessels and is thought to help promote atherosclerosis. This test measures the amount or activity of Lp-PLA2 in the blood.
What does the lipoxygenase pathway produce?
5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway is the major source of potent proinflammatory leukotrienes (LTs) issued from the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), and best known for their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
How is phospholipase A2 activated?
Lipid–Protein Interactions in Membranes Phospholipase A2 hydrolyzes the fatty acid at position 2′ of the glycerol of a phospholipid, producing a lysophospholipid. To act on the phospholipid substrate residing in a biological membrane, the phospholipase must gain access to the cleavage site on the lipid.
What does a Lysophospholipid do?
In summary, the lysophospholipids are local mediators that regulate development, tissue regeneration and homoeostasis, but also play a role in inflammation, arteriosclerosis and cancer.
What is the role of phospholipase in lipid digestion?
Phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2s) catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 bond of phospholipids, generating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, and are thus key enzymes which control the release of lipid mediator precursors.
What is Lp PLA2 in blood work?
Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme that can assess the amount of inflammation in your arteries due to a build-up of cholesterol. Why should I get the Lp-PLA2 Activity test? The Lp-PLA2 Activity test can help assess your risk for heart disease.
What is PLA2 test?
Know your risk™ for a heart attack or stroke. What is the PLAC® Test? The PLAC® Test measures the amount of Lp-PLA2 in the bloodstream. Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme that can assess the amount of inflammation in your arteries due to a build-up of cholesterol.
What causes high Lp-PLA2?
When disease is active in the artery, increased levels of Lp-PLA2 are produced by macrophages and foam cells within the intima of the artery1. Lp-PLA2 also interacts with oxidized LDL, which increases inflammation and enhances a proatherogenic state, as well as plaque vulnerability2.
What kind of enzyme is LP-PLA2 in humans?
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene. Lp-PLA2 is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids. It is one of several PAF acetylhydrolases.
What are the functions of the PLA2 family?
The secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) family, in which 10 isozymes have been identified, consists of low-molecular-weight, Ca2+-requiring, secretory enzymes that have been implicated in a number of biological processes, such as modification of eicosanoid generation, inflammation, host defense, and atherosclerosis.
What kind of phospholipase is PLA2G7 in mouse?
View/Edit Mouse. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene. Lp-PLA2 is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids. It is one of several PAF acetylhydrolases.
What is the role of phospholipase A2 in lipolysis?
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a lipolytic enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond into a variety of different phospholipids.