What does the moss protonema of a moss develop from?
The protonema is an elongate, thread-like structure that develops from the germinated spore of mosses and some liverworts.
What is protonema Class 11?
Hint: Protonema is a creeping, green, branched, and often filamentous stage of the growth process. It is a haploid, autonomous, gametophytic stage of the moss life cycle. Complete answer: A protonema is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the gametophyte’s earliest stage of growth in the life cycle of mosses.
What is protonema example?
(i) Protonema – It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. It is a haploid, independent, gametophytic stage in the life cycle of mosses. It is produced from the spores and gives rise to new plants. Examples – Funaria, polytrichum and sphagnum.
Does protonema of moss reproduce?
These spores are released when the pod is dried and blown by the wind or carriers to new locations, budding as ‘protonema’ in damp areas. Moss reproduces asexually (also called vegetative reproduction) when parts of the plant break off and form new plants with identical genetic information.
What are Peristome teeth?
Each peristome is a ring of triangular “teeth” formed from the remnants of dead cells with thickened cell walls. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma.
Is Seta diploid?
Diploid (2n) cells arising from the zygote continue to divide to form a small sporophyte (2n). The sporophyte consists of a stalk (called seta) and a capsule, remains attached to the gametophyte, living in depency with it. (The sporophyte is thus the only diploid phase of the entire life cycle in mosses).
What is Sporophylls in biology?
A sporophyll is a leaf that bears sporangia. Both microphylls and megaphylls can be sporophylls. In heterosporous plants, sporophylls (whether they are microphylls or megaphylls) bear either megasporangia and thus are called megasporophylls, or microsporangia and are called microsporophylls.
What is antheridium and example?
An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperm). Many algae and some fungi, for example ascomycetes and water moulds, also have antheridia during their reproductive stages.
Which is commonly known as peat moss or bog moss?
peat moss, also called bog moss or sphagnum moss, any of more than 150–300 species of plants in the subclass Sphagnidae, of the division Bryophyta, comprising the family Sphagnaceae, which contains one genus, Sphagnum.
What is the purpose of function of the moss protonema?
The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll. This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.
What does moss need to survive?
Moss spores are in the air and only need moisture to germinate and mature. Once established, moss can be very drought tolerant. Some mosses can survive in full sun, though most prefer shade. Moss can grow on any type of soil because their shallow roots simply hold the moss there without drawing nutrients from the soil.
Do mosses have flowers?
Mosses are non-flowering plants which produce spores and have stems and leaves, but don’t have true roots. Mosses, and their cousins liverworts and hornworts, are classified as Bryophyta (bryophytes) in the plant kingdom.
How does the protonema grow in a moss?
Moss spores germinate to form an algae -like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte. While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin, buds are induced which grow by three-faced apical cells.
What kind of plant is a protonema sporeling?
The protonema is usually threadlike and is highly branched in the mosses but is reduced to only a few cells in most liverworts and hornworts. The protonema stage in liverworts is usually called a sporeling in other bryophytes ( see below Form and function). …into a filamentous plant, the protonema, which later produces a leafy shoot.
Which is the first stage of the protonema?
The first stage is the protonema stage, which develops directly from a spore. It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. The second stage is the leafy stage, which develops from the secondary protonema as a lateral bud.
How is the protonema related to the juvenile gametophyte?
It represents the juvenile gametophyte. While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin, buds are induced which grow by three-faced apical cells. These give rise to gametophores, stems and leaf like structures. Bryophytes do not have true leaves ( megaphyll.