How to calculate Hollingshead Index?
The Hollingshead Four-Factor Index uses education, occupation, sex, and marital status to determine a family’s composite SES. Each family’s composite score was computed by multiplying the Occupation scale value by a weight of 5 and the Education scale value by 3 and summing the products.
What is the Hollingshead scale?
The Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Socioeconomic Status is a survey designed to measure social status of an individual based on four domains: marital status, retired/employed status, educational attainment, and occupational prestige.
What are SES scores?
The SES score (s0paeduc) is the mean of the biological mother and father’s education level. Higher SES values reflect lower levels of education. A second set of SES variables is computed based on both education and occupation.
How do you measure socioeconomic status?
Income can be measured in a variety of ways, including family income, assessments of wealth and subjective assessments of economic pressure. At the neighborhood and societal level, federal poverty thresholds, supplemental poverty measures and school and neighborhood level indicators of poverty can be assessed.
What is a low socioeconomic status?
Low SES usually refers to individuals with low educational achievement and/or low household income. These factors can form into additional everyday stresses for individuals, ultimately leading to risk behaviors, such as tobacco use.
What are the levels of SES?
SES positions are considered to be above the GS-15 level of the General Schedule, and below Level III of the Executive Schedule. Career members of the SES ranks are eligible for the Presidential Rank Awards program. Up to 10% of SES positions can be filled as political appointments rather than by career employees.
What is the socioeconomic index?
Socioeconomic index scores summarize the differences in prestige between occupations, as assessed by the education required and the earnings provided. Each occupational category includes a variety of jobs with different levels of prestige.
Is age a socioeconomic factor?
Americans age 65 years and over comprise nearly 13 percent of the U.S. population (U. S. Census Bureau, 2010). SES is a key factor in determining the quality of life of older Americans, nearly 14.6 percent of whom live below official poverty thresholds (DeNavas-Walt & Proctor, 2014).
What is SES measured in?
Broadly, the APA describes SES as the social standing or class of an individual or group, often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation (APA, 2007).
How do I create an SES index?
Typical approaches to constructing an SES index include creating a sum of z-scores of selected variables [25–27, 32–35], using principal components analysis (PCA) [36], or using factor analysis [26–27, 33].