What is NPXY motif?
NPXY (Asn-Pro-x-Tyr) is a conserved tyrosine phosphorylation motif that binds to the phospho-tyrosine binding (PTB) domain. We generated a tyrosine to glutamic acid (E) mutation to modify tyrosine (Y) into a negatively charged amino NPXY in the βpat-3 integrin of Caenorhabditis elegans.
What is the role of integrins?
Integrins regulate cellular growth, proliferation, migration, signaling, and cytokine activation and release and thereby play important roles in cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, tissue repair, as well as in all processes critical to inflammation, infection, and angiogenesis.
What is integrin expression?
Integrin-mediated interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix play a fundamental role in the development and function of a variety of tissues by triggering intracellular signals that regulate gene expression.
What is integrin ligation?
Integrin ligation promotes receptor clustering and the formation of focal adhesions. Talin forms the initial contacts between integrin β-tails and the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin crosslinks with Talin and actin to strengthen focal adhesions promoting focal adhesion growth.
What is the function of vinculin?
Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions, where it is thought to function as one of several interacting proteins involved in anchoring F-actin to the membrane.
What is integrin biology?
Integrins are the principal receptors used by animal cells to bind to the extracellular matrix. They are heterodimers and function as transmembrane linkers between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. A cell can regulate the adhesive activity of its integrins from within.
Where is vinculin found in the cell?
adherens junctions
3.4 Vinculin. Vinculin is an actin-binding protein present in cell–matrix adhesions and adherens junctions. In adherens junctions, it binds α- and β-catenin (Fig. 2.1); it might be recruited to adherens junction by β-catenin and at an earlier stage of contact maturation by myosin VI (Maddugoda et al., 2007).
What is the role of vinculin and talin in cell?
At cell–matrix adhesions, talin is subject to tension which exposes binding sites for vinculin [25]. Stretching of talin induces vinculin conformational changes that reinforce F-actin anchoring, thereby allowing for the establishment of additional linkages between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton [52].