How does pgnaa work?
PGNAA works by bombarding sample material with neutrons. Neutrons interact with elements in the sample, which emit secondary prompt gamma rays. These gamma rays are collected and measured with a high resolution gamma ray spectrometer. The gamma ray spectrum is analyzed to determine information about specific elements.
What is NAA technique?
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is an extremely sensitive technique used to determine the existence and quantities of major, minor and trace elements in a material sample.
What is Pftna?
Pulsed fast/thermal neutron analysis (PFTNA) is a neutron-based technique which utilizes the (n,n’gamma), (n,pgamma), and (n,gamma) reactions to identify and quantify a large number of elements. The elements emit characteristic gamma-rays that are the ‘fingerprints’ of each isotope.
What is a prompt gamma ray?
Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis is a measurement technique for nondestructive elemental analysis. Samples are irradiated by a beam of neutrons inducing elemental nuclei to capture neutrons and emit characteristic prompt gamma rays upon de-excitation.
What is cross belt Analyser?
MAYA cross belt analyzer is an advanced process control and real-time optimization solution for the mining and mineral processing industry. The elemental analyzer measures the chemical composition of bulk materials on a conveyor belt, detecting all elements, in real-time, without sampling.
What is the principle of neutron activation analysis and how is it used?
Principles Neutron activation analysis is a physical technique that is based on nuclear reactions. The sample becomes radioactive when neutrons react with the nuclei of the elements’ atoms. Radionuclides are formed and subsequently decay by emitting gamma rays that are unique in half-life and energy.
What are NAA limitations?
Disadvantages of NAA are that access to a nuclear reactor – the most intensive source of neutrons – is needed, and this type of analysis is associated with handling radioactive samples, which requires specially equipped laboratories and adherence to the radiation safety regulations.
Is NAA destructive?
One key feature of NAA methods is that they do not destroy the sample, i.e. it is a non-destructive technique, and this is the reason why they are used can be used in unconventional applications, such as for studying historical artifacts.
Is NAA toxic?
NAA is widely used in agriculture for various purposes. It is considered to be only slightly toxic but when at higher concentrations it can be toxic to animals. NAA has been shown to greatly increase cellulose fiber formation in plants when paired with another phytohormone called gibberellic acid.
What is the difference between PGNAA and PFTNA?
Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) and pulsed fast thermal neutron activation (PFTNA) are non-contact, non-destructive analytical techniques used in online analysis systems to determine the elemental composition of bulk raw materials.
How are gamma rays detected by PGNAA and PFTNA?
In essence the gamma-ray emitted is like a “fingerprint” of the element. The emitted gamma-rays are detected and an energy spectrum generated which can then be analyzed for elemental composition. PGNAA and PFTNA online analyzers detect the gamma rays using scintillation detectors.
How does PGNAA help cement, coal and steel producers?
Online elemental analyzers based on PGNAA or PFTNA technology can help help cement, coal, and steel producers achieve consistent raw material quality, boost efficiency, and lower productions costs. To learn more about how PGNAA and PFTNA technology works, download our free eBook, A Guide to PGNAA and PFTNA Technology for Non-Scientists.
Is the PGAA a non destructive or non destructive method?
PGAA is a widely applicable technique for determining the presence and amount of many elements simultaneously in samples ranging in size from micrograms to many grams. It is a non-destructive method, and the chemical form and shape of the sample are relatively unimportant.