What do hydrothermal fluids consist of?
Hydrothermal fluids are natural heated water solutions wherein variety of elements, compounds and gases may be dissolved. They are generated by diverse crustal and mantle geological processes including basinal fluid interaction, magmatic differentiation and mantle degassing.
What is a hydrothermal fluid?
Hydrothermal fluid forms as seawater are modified through interactions with heat and the earth’s crust. These fluids emanate back into ocean water at hydrothermal vents on the seafloor.
Are hydrothermal fluids acidic?
Hydrothermal fluids associated with active seafloor vents can be sampled directly (e.g. Shanks, 2001; Ding et al. In this case, hydrothermal fluids are dominated by evolved seawater (Woodruff and Shanks, 1988;Shanks et al., 1995;Shanks, 2001) and are only slightly acidic (pH 4-5, Ding et al.
How are hydrothermal systems formed?
Hydrothermal systems occur in areas having high heat fluxes both on continents, near convergent plate boundaries, and on the ocean floor, near the mid-ocean ridges. Their formation requires the existence of three important components: fluids, heat, and permeability through rocks so that fluids can circulate.
What are the 2 general types of hydrothermal deposits?
Two Types of Hydrothermal Deposits
- Conditions for Formation.
- Brine is Essential.
- Mesothermal Deposits.
- Epithermal Deposits.
What type of source is hydrothermal?
What are Hydrothermal Resources? A geothermal resource requires fluid, heat, and permeability to generate electricity. Conventional hydrothermal resources contain all three components naturally.
What is the difference between shale and slate?
Shale refers to a fine grained rock or a clastic sedimentary rock that is majorly composed of mud. On the other hand, slate, which is also a fine grained rock, is foliated and homogenous metamorphic.
What is the difference between granite and rhyolite?
The difference between them is that rhyolite is an intrusive igneous rock whereas granite is an extrusive igneous rock. Granite is formed when magma cools down deep inside the earth crust. It is an intrusive igneous rock. It has large crystals and is thus called coarse-grained.
How is ore deposition related to magmatic hydrothermal fluid?
Ore deposition is generally linked with the late stage of magmatic hydrothermal fluid, and its repeated pulses may lead to the formation of large ore bodies. In addition to saline aqueous fluid, the volatiles like H2S, CO2, SO2, SO4, HCl, B and F, are found as significant ore-depositing agents in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids.
How is the salinity of a hydrothermal fluid determined?
Salinity of this hydrothermal fluid, which varies from near 0 to >50 wt.% eq. NaCl, is a function of pressure. A wide range of immiscibility in the magmatic fluids results compositional modification of the gradually developing phases from nearly anhydrous melt to last residual low temperature water solution.
How are hydrothermal fluids produced in the mantle?
Hydrothermal fluids are natural heated water solutions wherein variety of elements, compounds and gases may be dissolved. They are generated by diverse crustal and mantle geological processes including basinal fluid interaction, magmatic differentiation and mantle degassing.
What kind of volatiles are found in hydrothermal fluid?
In addition to saline aqueous fluid, the volatiles like H2S, CO2, SO2, SO4, HCl, B and F, are found as significant ore-depositing agents in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. A hydrothermal fluid may dissolve economically useful elements or simply act as carrier for them.