What is a endocardial cushion defect?
Endocardial cushion defects are congenital heart conditions that occur early in fetal life due to improperly developed heart tissue in the center of the heart (the endocardial cushion area of the heart).
How is endocardial cushion defect diagnosed?
Children with partial ECD may not have signs or symptoms of the disorder during childhood. Tests to diagnose ECD include: Echocardiogram, which is an ultrasound that views the heart structures and blood flow inside the heart. ECG, which measures the electrical activity of the heart.
What is a endocardial?
The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart and lines the chambers and extends over projecting structures such as the valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles.
What is endocardial Fibroelastosis?
Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is a rare heart disorder that affects infants and children. It is characterized by a thickening within the muscular lining of the heart chambers due to an increase in the amount of supporting connective tissue (inelastic collagen) and elastic fibers.
What is epicardial and endocardial?
This combination therapy is a planned, staged approach using the best of the surgical- and catheter-based approach. This procedure involves both Epicardial (surgical) and Endocardial (catheter) ablation. (Ablation treats irregular heartbeat by creating scar tissue in the area of the heart that is causing the problem.)
Where are the SL valves located?
The semilunar valves are located at the connections between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, and the aorta and the left ventricle. These valves allow blood to be pumped forward into the arteries, but prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles.
What causes endocardial Fibroelastosis?
Some cases of endocardial fibroelastosis occur as a result of random changes (mutations), with no apparent cause (sporadic). These cases are known as endocardial fibroelastosis 1 (EFE1). Others cases are thought to be inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait.
What is endocardial ablation?
This procedure involves both Epicardial (surgical) and Endocardial (catheter) ablation. (Ablation treats irregular heartbeat by creating scar tissue in the area of the heart that is causing the problem.)
What are epicardial cells?
The epicardium is an evolutionarily conserved layer of mesothelium covering the outermost cell layer of the vertebrate heart. During fetal development, the epicardium serves as a progenitor source, contributing multipotent cells that give rise to cardiac mesenchyme.
How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?
three
Tricuspid Valve Named for its three major cusps, this valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
What is an endocardial cushion defect ( ECD )?
Endocardial cushion defect. Endocardial cushion defect (ECD) is an abnormal heart condition. The walls separating all four chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent. Also, the valves separating the upper and lower chambers of the heart have defects during formation.
Where are the endocardial cushions located in the heart?
The endocardial cushions are two thicker areas that develop into the walls (septum) that divide the four chambers of the heart. They also form the mitral and tricuspid valves. These are the valves that separate the atria (top collecting chambers) from the ventricles (bottom pumping chambers). The lack of separation between the two sides
How is ECD related to other congenital heart defects?
Endocardial cushion defect – ECD may be associated with other congenital heart defects, such as 1 Double outlet right ventricle. 2 Single ventricle. 3 Transposition of the great vessels. 4 Tetralogy of Fallot.
What does an ultrasound show in fetal cardiac anomalies?
Ultrasound of Fetal Cardiac Anomalies. It is associated with maternal lithium use, chromosomal abnormalities, ASD, patent foramen ovale, and pulmonary stenosis or atresia. Ultrasound shows apical displacement of the tricuspid valve into the RV, tethered leaflets, reduction in the size of the functional RV ( Fig.