What is aquaporin 4 antibody test?
Antibodies to aquaporin-4 (called NMO-IgG or AQP4-Ab) constitute a sensitive and highly specific serum marker of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) that can facilitate the differential diagnosis of NMO and classic multiple sclerosis.
What is aquaporin blood test?
Aquaporin-4 receptor (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody testing is used for diagnosis and evaluation of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), acute myelitis, spinal cord lesions, autoimmune encephalitis, or NMOSD.
What are aquaporin antibodies?
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein found on cells known as astrocytes that surround the blood-brain barrier, (a layer of cells responsible for preventing dangerous substances in the blood from crossing into the brain).
How can you tell aquaporin 4?
The cell-based assay (CBA) is a widely used method to detect anti-AQP4 IgG in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity. Briefly, serum anti-AQP4 IgG is captured by AQP4-transfected cell that is fixed on the biochip then detected by a fluorescein-labelled secondary antibody.
What is Antimog test?
Patients who test positive for anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (anti-MOG-Ab) present with a diversity of clinical and radiologic features, including manifestations suggestive of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, as well as variability regarding disease course and response to disease-modifying …
What causes Nmosd?
The cause of neuromyelitis optica is usually unknown, although it sometimes appears after an infection, or it can be associated with another autoimmune condition. Neuromyelitis optica is often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS) or perceived as a type of MS , but NMO is a distinct condition.
What is the difference between NMO and MOG?
MOG-EM differs from NMOSD in further clinical characteristics e.g., in gender ratio and age at onset. In (relapsing) NMOSD, up to 90% of the patients are female, whereas the proportion of male patients in MOG-EM ranges from 43 to 63% (22, 26, 29–31, 73).
Does aquaporin change shape?
A water-transporting pore (=aquaporin:AQP) has been identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. These results indicate that Se-AQP plays a crucial role in cell shape change that is required for cellular immunity and other physiological processes.
What do you need to know about the IFA test?
The ANA IFA test helps to evaluate a person is exposed to autoimmune disorders which affect many tissues and organs throughout the body. IFA is considered as the gold standard. ANA IFA test needs no special requirements. This test needs a sample of your blood.
How does indirect fluorescent antibody ( IFA ) test work?
The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) is a semi-quantitative, sensitive, and rapid test to detect specific antibodies or antigens present in the samples. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of antigen (Image source: Brock Biology of Microorganisms)
How are IFA tests used to diagnose syphilis?
For example, an IFA test for the diagnosis of syphilis uses T. pallidum isolated from a lab animal and a smear is prepared on a glass slide. Patient serum is spread over the smear and anti-treponemal antibodies, if present, are allowed to bind. The serum is washed off and a secondary antibody labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is added.