What is the pathogenesis of periodontal disease?
The main etiological factor of periodontal disease is the bacteria, which are capable of activating the innate immune response of the host inducing an inflammatory response. The evolution of this inflammatory response culminates in the destruction of periodontal tissues.
What is the process of periodontal disease?
Bacteria in the mouth infect tissue surrounding the tooth, causing inflammation around the tooth leading to periodontal disease. When bacteria stay on the teeth long enough, they form a film called plaque, which eventually hardens to tartar, also called calculus.
What is periodontal pathology?
Periodontal pathology, also termed gum diseases or periodontal diseases, are diseases involving the periodontium (the tooth supporting structures, i.e. the gums). The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum and gingiva.
What are the main causes of periodontal disease?
Factors that can increase your risk of periodontitis include:
- Gingivitis.
- Poor oral health habits.
- Smoking or chewing tobacco.
- Hormonal changes, such as those related to pregnancy or menopause.
- Recreational drug use, such as smoking marijuana or vaping.
- Obesity.
- Inadequate nutrition, including vitamin C deficiency.
- Genetics.
What causes periodontitis?
Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It’s typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden.
Which disease characteristic differentiates periodontitis from gingivitis?
For patients diagnosed with gingivitis, it is not all doom and gloom. Not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis. The major difference between the two is that gingivitis is reversible, while periodontitis is not.
What is the primary etiological factor of periodontal disease?
Bacterial plaque is the primary etiologic factor associated with periodontitis, yet there are several other variables that may place an individual at risk for developing disease (3, 99, 100, 101). Two of these variables are clearly defined risk factors: tobacco smoking and diabetes.
How is periodontal stage determined?
The four stages of periodontitis are based on the amount of damage that has already occurred. The factors measured include: interdental clinical attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, tooth loss and probing depths for Stage I and II.
What bacteria causes periodontal disease?
This type of bacteria is linked with the inflammatory conditions that cause periodontal diseases. The bacteria species most implicated in periodontal disease and bone loss include: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
What is Stage 4 gum disease?
Stage 4: Advanced Periodontitis — inflammation of the gingiva (gums) and the surrounding tissues that results in severe bone loss. One of the most famous clinical studies was carried out in 1965 by Professor Harold Lðe in Denmark.
Which condition is associated with periodontal disease?
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases is more often associated with younger age patients. Systemic conditions such as heart disease, leukemia, respiratory disease, and diabetes or disorders such as Down syndrome are associated with this form of periodontal disease.
What antibiotic is best for a gum infection?
To sum up, types of antibiotics recommended for gum infection include doxycycline, metronidazole, minocycline, and tetracycline. In addition, penicillin and ciprofloxacin may be prescribed based on the bacterial strain.