What are the characteristics of Paenibacillus species?
The genus Paenibacillus is characterized as rod-shaped Gram-positive or Gram-variable endospore forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Originally derived from a Bacillus, group 3 was proposed by Ash et al.
What is the shape of Paenibacillus bacteria?
Paenibacillus polymyxa is an endospore-forming bacterium that is non-pathogenic and found in environments such as plant roots in soil and marine sediment [1][2]. P. polymyxa is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium [3], that is also motile.
Is Paenibacillus motile?
Flagella are essential for motility on hard agar media. Genome sequencing suggests that Paenibacillus sp. possesses at least two potential organelles for motility: flagella and pili. To determine which might be responsible for motility, we carried out gene disruption.
What is Paenibacillus Urinalis?
Paenibacillus urinalis was first isolated from the urine of a woman in 2008, and was reported to be a contaminant. Here, we report 5 cases of P. urinalis isolated over 5 months at a tertiary hospital. Using an API kit, 4 cases were classified as Cellulomonas species.
Where is Bacillus simplex found?
soil
These Bacteria are generally present in soil, but bacterial strains have been isolated from bread ingredients and bread (13) and, in one case, Genome Sequence of Bacillus simplex has been isolated from a human fecal sample (19).
Where is paenibacillus Glucanolyticus found?
Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, formerly included in the genus Bacillus (24), is a facultatively anaerobic, long and thin rod-shaped bacterium that may be isolated from various soils (25). This organism appears mostly Gram negative and may produce oval spores that swell the sporangia (10).
Is paenibacillus oxidase positive?
All of these isolates were catalase, oxidase, and Voges-Proskauer positive and nitrate negative, and all produced acid when glycerol, esculin, and maltose were added. The isolates produced variable results for 16 of the 49 biochemical tests; negative reactions were recorded in the remaining 30 assays.
Is paenibacillus a spore former?
Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993.
What is the purpose of Bacillus structure?
The cell wall of Bacillus is a structure on the outside of the cell that forms the second barrier between the bacterium and the environment, and at the same time maintains the rod shape and withstands the pressure generated by the cell’s turgor.
Is paenibacillus pathogenic?
Pathogenicity. Some Paenibacillus species are known to infect various organisms, including honeybees and the parasite vector Biomphalaria glabrata, and occasionally present as opportunistic infections in humans.
What is the colony morphology of Bacillus subtilis?
Bacillus subtilis is a typical germ, which is rod-shaped and Gram-positive. When cultured on ordinary nutrient agar, the morphology circular colony of this bacteria is rough, opaque, fuzzy white or slightly yellow with jagged edges [1, 7].
Is the genus Paenibacillus relevant to the environment?
[…] Isolated from a wide range of sources, the genus Paenibacillus comprises bacterial species relevant to humans, animals, plants, and the environment.
What kind of morphotype does Paenibacillus have?
An additional intriguing pattern forming Paenibacillus species is P. dendritiformis, which is known to be able to generate two different morphotypes – the branching (or tip-splitting) morphotype and the chiral morphotype that is marked by curly branches with well-defined handedness (see pictures).
What is the negative side of Paenibacillus larvae?
On the negative side, Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American Foulbrood, a lethal disease of honeybees, while a variety of species are opportunistic infectors of humans, and others cause spoilage of pasteurized dairy products.
What kind of motility does Paenibacillus have in soil?
Positive motility results from soil sample, likely a Paenibacillus species. The isolate stained as a gram negative rod-shaped bacillus. It forms oval-shaped endospores slightly larger than its vegetative form. It is motile, aerobic, and catalase positive.